Kiatgak hiaN, Chin tosia! Goa chin tong-i li e khoaNhoat.

"Piauchun Kokgi" si goasenglang e binchok gigian 
(e piauchun). "Taioan Kokgi" kam etang khoaN-cho
Taioanlang e gigian, che si chiok toa-tiau e bun-
toe. Na suiau, tan-e koh khah tholun.

"ch, chh" na u lang beh khupiat tioh ke 1-e "r",
na anne kuiteng e si, chiok choe lang etang chiap-
siu. piju: 'eat' esai sia "chhii", ma esai sia-cho 
"chhrii".

TADA
(I-au kio goa e si mbian iong "san/sang". "TADA" 
to ho a. Tosia.)

>Kamsia Tada san e soatbeng.
>
>Goa kamkak retroflex eng "ch, chh, sh" chiann ho.
>
>Na beh poliu "r", anni sia "chhri" ma chiann ho. Na kanna eng "chh", siacho
>"chhi" to bo thotong, "chhii" kholeng e khah ho.
>
>Khia ti Taioan cho chuthe e liptiunn, khaksit bo pitiau khupiat simsi
>retroflex. Anni, chit pouhun simsi to chhaiiong "ch, chh, sh" ka
>kouteng--lohlai?
>
>Kiatgak
>
>----- Original Message -----
>From: "TADA Kei" 
>To: "" 
>Cc: "Tojhokchu" ; "keith cheng"
>; "Babuza Chu" ; "Taigu
>(Taiwanese Net)" 
>Sent: Wednesday, July 31, 2002 8:49 AM
>Subject: Re: [TGB] Lihai, chin lihai! (Thong-iong cho-than-hoe)
>
>
>> Kiatgak hiaN, Si-chong siansiN,
>>
>> Tosia lin e hoeeng!
>>
>> Kiatgak hiaN thechhut 2 tiam:
>>
>> 1). retroflex e im, nasi "chr chhr sh r", khoaN-bechhut in e kiongtong e
>> tekchit. iong "sr" chiah khoaN-echhut in e kiongtong e tekchit.
>>
>> Li kong e khah hapli. Goa bo iong "sr", iong "sh" e liiu si,
>> a). Hakfa khahcha e POJ (MacIver) si iong "sh" lai piausi retroflex.
>> (dental "ts, tsh, s" ; retroflex "ch, chh, sh")
>>
>> b). Khahcha e Tiongkok oe pheng-im long si iong "sh":
>> Kokgu LMJ, Lim Gutng, Chuim 2sek, Yale, Wade, Iucheng, Hangi.
>>
>> c). Enggi lai khoaN, iong "sh" lai piausi chit-e im, u chit-e thoanthong.
>> chhiuN: Shanghai (Sionghai).
>> "sr" piausi s+r. chhiuN: Sri Lanka.
>>
>> ChhiaN chhamkho.
>>
>>
>> 2). "chhri" (eat) engkai si "chhrii".
>>
>> Phonetics e koantiam lai kong engkai si "chhrii" khah chengkhak. M-ku,
>> tui Phonology e koantiam lai khoaN, "chhr" e aupiah chi-u "ii", bo "i",
>> che 2-e mbian khupiat. Sou-i goa tioh iong khah kantan e "i".
>> (che chhinchhiuN POJ u e souchai bo "o" kap "o'" e khupiat. chhiuN: "oa"
>> si "o'+a", engkai msi "o+a".)
>> Chit-tiam goa bo saN kianchhi.
>>
>>
>> Si-chong siansiN thekhi:
>>
>> > Goa kian-gi lan teh cho Taioan Hoagi im-phiau e si, ai kho-lu tioh
>> > Hoa-gi Taioan-hoa e gi-im pian-chhian e cheng-heng (shift). Chhin-
>> > chhiuN "ch", "chr" bo-hun, "chh", "chhr" bo hun e cheng-heng.
>>
>> Taioan e Tiongkok oe nasi lan etang ka sengjin cho Taioan e gigian,
>> si in-ui che si chian-au tui Tiongkok lai e ibin ("goaseng-lang") e
>> binchok gigian. Sou-i engkai bo "Taioan Kokgi" e buntoe.
>>
>> Lan na sengjin "Taioan Kokgi" (m si (Taioan) Tiongkok oe) cho Taioan e
>> kokka gigian chi it. Anne tui Holo oe, Hakfa, GCB oe e hoattian bo ho.
>> In-ui, Taioanlang u "Taioan Kokgi" chiah bo kamkak-tioh iong Taigu e
>> pit-iau. Goa ngbang Taioan punthou binchok khisak goakok-oe, iong kaki
>> e kha (Taigu) lai khia-khilai.
>>
>> ChhiaN chikau.
>>
>> TADA Kei
>>
>> ---
>> >Tada san chit tho chiann ho. Anni taike simsi etang eng chit tho cho
>kichhou
>> >lai tholun? Teng chhut 1 tho khah huhap giimhak e hongan lai chhuisak.
>> >
>> >Lenggoa, laite "sh" (voiceless retroflex fricative) simsi "sr" chiah
>tioh?
>> >
>> >> "chhri" for 'eat'
>> >
>> >Simsi "chhrii" chiah tioh?
>> >
>> >> chong-si, tui Holo POJ e koantiam lai kong pi Thong-iong koh khah ho.
>> >
>> >Tui koansi (1) POJ (2) TLPA (3) Wade system (4) Engbun, tt seau gigian
>(5)
>> >IPA e lang lai kong engkai long khah ho Thongiong.
>> >
>> >Kiatgak
>> >
>> >----- Original Message -----
>> >From: "TADA Kei" 
>> >To: "Tojhokchu" 
>> >Cc: "keith cheng" ; ""
>> >; "Babuza Chu" ; "Taigu
>> >(Taiwanese Net)" 
>> >Sent: Monday, July 29, 2002 3:23 PM
>> >Subject: Re: [TGB] Lihai, chin lihai! (Thong-iong cho-than-hoe)
>> >
>> >
>> >> Kap POJ thong-iong e Tiongkok oe pheng-im engkai u chiok choe.
>> >> Goa ma u 1-tho. Che tioh ai cheng-ka i-ha e huho.
>> >>
>> >> 1). Tiongkok oe Te 3 siaN e huho.
>> >> 2). khinsiaN huho.
>> >> 3). u umlaut for 'fish'/'rain'.
>> >> 4). [i-] Kheh-gi e ii (u+ ekha ":") (uitioh beh piausi "sii '4'")
>> >>
>> >> laitoe u koa sou-chai hou lang kamkak chin bai. chhiuN "chhri" for
>'eat'.
>> >> chong-si, tui Holo POJ e koantiam lai kong pi Thong-iong koh khah ho.
>> >>
>> >> TADA
>> >>
>> >> ---
>> >> [siaN-tiau]
>> >> a
>> >> [aA](iong Holo e te 5 siaN lai piau Tiongkok oe te 2 siaN)
>> >> [aV]
>> >> [a/](Holo te 2 siaN piausi Tiongkok oe te 4 siaN)
>> >> [a.](mchai suiau khinsiaN huho, iah bo.)
>> >>
>> >> [chu-im](LMJ, *PY)
>> >> p, *b
>> >> ph,*p
>> >> m
>> >> f
>> >> t, *d
>> >> th, *t
>> >> n
>> >> l
>> >> k, *g
>> >> kh, *k
>> >> h
>> >>
>> >> ch, *z (ch[i-] for *zi)
>> >> chh, *c
>> >> s
>> >> ch, *j (chi for *ji, ch[u:] for *ju)
>> >> chh, *q
>> >> s, *x
>> >>
>> >> chr, *zh
>> >> chhr, *ch
>> >> sh
>> >> r
>> >>
>> >> [bo-im/un-boe](C taipiau Chu-im)
>> >> i
>> >> u
>> >> [u:(u umlaut)]
>> >> a
>> >> u, *o [chrung for *zhong]
>> >> o, *e [koko for *gege 'elder brother']
>> >> e
>> >>
>> >> ai
>> >> ei
>> >> au, *ao
>> >> ou
>> >> an
>> >> on/Cn, *en [mon/mn for *men]
>> >> ang
>> >> ong/Cng, *eng [chrong/chrng for *zheng]
>> >> or, *er
>> >>
>>
>> * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
>> * Li chu-chheh e e-mail khau-cho si: TADA Kei
>.
>> * Beh kia phoe ho' tak-ke tioh iong chit-e khau-cho chiah kia-e-kau.
>> * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
>>
>
>* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
>* Li chu-chheh e e-mail khau-cho si: "" .
>* Beh kia phoe ho' tak-ke tioh iong chit-e khau-cho chiah kia-e-kau.
>* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
>

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
* Li chu-chheh e e-mail khau-cho si: TADA Kei .
* Beh kia phoe ho' tak-ke tioh iong chit-e khau-cho chiah kia-e-kau.
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *