Si-Chong,
Chiam-tui li theh-chhut e 3 e bun-te: 1. na-si code-switching (oaN-oe-kong), "身" po-liau i goan-lai e hoat-im [shen]. na-si i-keng si chioh-su (lan kam u chit-e chioh-su?), eng-kai iong Tai-gi e phonemic piau-ki, son. Chit e le, bo chin ho, in-ui i u Tai-gi sin e tui-eng, be chhut-hian son, tui-hui be tek-piat kong si "Tai-oan Kok-gi ", Pigin Mandarin. Put-ko, chong-kong chit-ku, Tai-oan-lang bo e phoneme, na-si pian-cho goa-lai-gi it-teng pun-te-hoa (creolization), iong lan u e phoneme teh kong, bo kho-leng khi seN Hoa-gi kng-chih e phoneme. Tai-oan-lang na kong Hoa-gi iah-si code-switching koe Hoa-gi, he iah-si Hoa-gi, bo koan i kong joa piau-chun, he si teh kong goa-kok-oe. 2. goa-lai-gi chin-liong seng chiau i e goan-lai bin-mau lai chioh, lang-mia, te-mia si an-ne, sin san-seng e sin-su ma e-sai pi-chiau chhu-li, e-mail chiu iong e-mail. Iong kau sim-mih si-chun i e pian-cho ki-thaN localized e heng, kau-si chiah kong. Chit e si-chun ti e-mail chiah-nih liu-heng e si-tai, chit e Eng-gi ji si-ke khoaN e tioh, lan tek-ke chin sek-sai, li ka kai-cho i-me-o, chhin-chhiuN Hoa-gi kai-cho ä¼åªå ï¼sit-chai put-lun put-lui. ka7 hoan-cho tian-chu-phoe tong-jian e-sai, put-ko goa-lai-gi, sin-su long beh hoan, chin thiam. Iong Lmj e ho-chhu tiioh-si e-sai chiau chhau toh ho. Tai-oan-lang kong beh piau-chun bo iau-kin, kong cho siaN toh sng siaN. Ki-sit chun kong si teh kong Eng-gi lan beh hoat eng-gi e l, ma-si tai-pou-hun be sio-siang, in-ui lan e l, kap eng-gi e l chin bo sio-siang. (lan e si flap, Eng-gi si liquid). 3. Jit-gi lan e keng-giam i-keng chin che bo bun-te, it-teng long si hoat-cho lan u e im, it-teng long si pun-te-hoa lah. "donburi" koh bo chioh jip-lai, na u, it-teng e pian-cho Tong-bu-lih. Tong-jian li na-si codeswitching, oaN-koe kong Nihonggo, li tioh chiau Jit-gi lai sia. Che-si 2 hoe-su. Chioh-su thong-siong seng codeswitching (chheng-chho li teh kong goa-kok-oe, jian-au codemixing (bo chin chheng-chho li teh kong goa-kok-oe), jian-au toh hun be chheng-chho li kap goa, chiu tong-cho ka-ki e ah, an-ne chiah si chioh-su. peng-an,
khinhoaN

From: "keith cheng" Reply-To: "keith cheng" To: "Li khinhoann" , "TiuN Hok-chu" , "" , è­å¹³æ²» , "Hak-khiam" , Subject: [TGB] phone vs phoneme (kiam chhuli goalaigi e bunte) Date: Sun, 10 Aug 2003 23:06:58 +0800

Tui HoaN hiaN sou kong, chiau goa sou khipsiu e liau-kai si an-ne:

(1)Bunji he-thong teh siatke, suiau kholu e si "phoneme" m-si "phone". Bo suiau ka7 na5-au5 sou e-sai hoat--chhut--lai e im long piau-ki--chhut--lai. Chi-iau piau-ki chhut nau lai-bin u chha-piat e im chiu-ho. Ki2-le7: (a)Koe-khi POJ u "ch" kap "ts" e chha-piat (Kam Ji-tian iau u), si bo ka7 "phone" kap "phoneme" hun chheng-chho e chho-ngou. (b)Na ka hian-chhu-si Hoagi, Enggi teng-teng e goalaigi chiam-si mai3 sng3, M/NG si Tai-gi im-chat-hoa e chu-im. N sui-jian u teh hoat (Kiatgak e le7), m-koh bo ki-tha e su-lui, sou-i e-sai m-sia Taigi im-chat-hoa e chu-im.

(2)Thoan-thong im-un-hak kong e siaN-bo, un-bo si ka "phone" kap "phoneme" lam teh kong; m-koh gigianhak kong e chu-im, bo-im si teh kong "phoneme", m-si kong "phone". Sou-i "chu-im", "bo-im" teng-gi khah chheng-chho, khah sek-hap hian-tai Tai-gi e kau-hak.

Ti chia ia beh the-chhu bun-te. Goalaigi ti Taioan chin pho-phian. Jitgi, Hoagi, Enggi tengteng long chin u chhitiuN. In e "phoneme" kam e-sai sng-cho Taioan lang e "phoneme"? Hekchiasi e-sai ka in tong-cho "phone" chiu ho, m-bian chhu-li? Ki-le: (a)"身" chit-e Hanji, ti Hoagi i e chuim thak cho u kng-chi2 e "s". Lan na beh ti POJ laibin chhu-li goalaigi e si, kam tioh ai3 eng lenggoa ke chit-e kng-chi e "s", a2-si7 eng goanlai Tai-gi e "s" tioh ho2? Leng-goa i e im-chat-hoa e chu-im "n" kam2 beh piau-ki--chhut--lai? A-si sia-cho "ng" tioh ho? Sou-i choaN5 sia-cho "sng" chiu-ho? (b)Eng-gi e "e-mail" chit-e su5, chit-ma ti Taioan chiok liu-heng. POJ beh anchoaN sia? "i-me-ou"? a-si beh ka "l" chit-e im-chat-hoa e chu-im chiau Eng-gi an-ne liah8--koe--lai(sia-cho "i-mel"), hou Taigi koh ke chit-e im-chat-hoa e chu-im "l"? (c)Jit-pun e "donburi"(gu5-bah-png7); Han-ji sia-cho "çäº(cheN2 laibin koh ke chit-tiam2)". Beh eng POJ chhu-li chit-e su, kam beh ke "d" chit-e lo5-siaN? a-si tit-chiap eng "t" chiu ho2?

Chheng-kau.

sichong

----- Original Message ----- From: Li khinhoann To: ; ; ; ; ;
Sent: Sunday, August 10, 2003 9:52 PM Subject: Re: gigian pikau, goalaigi (Re: imchathoa (Re: "ma" e hoatim (Re: jipsiaN kap m/n/ng (Re: [TGB] nga vs. gaN; na vs. laN; ma vs. baN))))

Sit-le, goa e phonemic pheng m-tioh khi.

Sun-soa, ke ki chit e le. Pi-ju kong, Eng-gi lai-te e glottal stop (lan ti Tai-gi jip-siaN e h) m-si phonemic, sou-i sui-jian kong Eng-gi e lang ki-sit kong-oe u glottal stop (e.g., in teh kong oh-oh, apple… ); ki-sit si kong oh? oh?, ?apple (Tai-gi e h tai-piau glottal stop, IPA si iong ? bo e-kha hit tiam). Put-ko in kin-pun m-chai, in e nau lai-te bo chit-e mih-kiaN, sou-i m-si phonemic (m-si im-sou).

Mui chit chiong gi-gian u i it-teng e im-sou, chiu-si kong chit khoan oe e lang in nau tai-te u e gi-im, put-ko kap in sit-che-siong chhui kong chhut-lai e gi-im bo it-teng oan-choan sio-siang. Hoa-gi e po, pho, mo, fo e ke hiah-che chu-im chhut-lai chiu-si in m-chai phone kap phoneme e chha-piat. Tai-gi ma u lang be-hiau an-ne hun, chiu kah im-pian liau e im ke cho chit-e im-sou chhut-lai (e.g., /ch/ kap /chh/ au-piah na si /i/, in-ui e palatalization, in tioh liah-chun kong in thau-cheng e chu-im si bo kang chit-e, beh piau-ki bo kang). Goa chhiaN ki-le kong, 1 e gin-a khi ti bai e khoan-keng, pian bo kang khi, ma-si li e gin-a, soah kong si pat-e gin-a!

Gi-gian hak-ka e khang-koe ai ka kong hit e gi-gian e lang nau lai-te u joa che im-sou (chu-im, bo-im) gian-kiu chhut-lai, pai-liat hou chin sui, chin peng-heng (li-lun-siong eng-kai chin sui chin peng-heng, na bo tui-chhin3 ai kai-soeh hit e gap ui-ho e san-seng). Na-si thiaN tioh chit e siaN-im tioh kong i u hit e chu-im iah-si bo-im, an-ne m-bian gi-gian hak-ka lai cho, hiN-khang khah ho e lang tioh e-sai ah.

peng-an, khinhoaN

Chu-im chiu-si chu-im, chu-im im-chiat-hoa (syllabic) be-tang kong chiu-si bo-im, i si chit e syllabic consonant (im-chiat-hoa e chu-im). Tai-gi lai-te kan-na u m, ng e im-chiat-hoa bo ki-thaN e im e im-chiat-hoa. Ki-tha e im na-si u lang kong-oe ka i im-chiat-hoa ma be-tang kong si Tai-gi u chit e im-chiat-hoa e im (in-ui in m-si phoneimci, m-si im-sou, si bo i-gi e (not meaningful).

From: "Hok-chu" Reply-To: "Hok-chu" To: "" , "keith cheng" , ?ååç?, "Hak-khiam" , "Taigu \(Taiwanese Net\)" Subject: Re: gigian pikau, goalaigi (Re: imchathoa (Re: "ma" e hoatim (Re: jipsiaN kap m/n/ng (Re: [TGB] nga vs. gaN; na vs. laN; ma vs. baN)))) Date: Fri, 8 Aug 2003 20:26:41 +0800

U to-li! M-ku goa iau-si m-bat thiann lang ka 'n' kong-cho si bo-im. (Iau5 Cheng3-to7 bok-su e chheh khak-sit kong 'n' si bo-im.) Lan teh ka TGB e si, tau-te beh an-choann kong? 'm' kap 'ng' kong im-chat-hoa, 'n' ma beh an-ne kong? Babuza ----- Original Message ----- From:
To: Hokkchu ; keith cheng ; ?ååç?; Hak-khiam ; Taigu (Taiwanese Net) Sent: Friday, August 08, 2003 12:06 PM Subject: gigian pikau, goalaigi (Re: imchathoa (Re: "ma" e hoatim (Re: jipsiaN kap m/n/ng (Re: [TGB] nga vs. gaN; na vs. laN; ma vs. baN))))

Lan kiam-si teh tho-lun Tai-gi? A-si teh tho-lun Hoa-gi/Hoat-gi sim-chi IPA?

Si leh tholun Taigi bo mtioh. Mkoh

1. Taigi masi "lang e gigian", betang uihoan itpoaN gigianhak e kuichek. Ui patchiong gigian kap IPA etang hou lan kohkhah liaukai lan kati e gigian.

2. Taigi u chiaN che goalaigi, beh anchoaN kong, anchoaN sia, long si Taigi ai bintui e bunte. Tekpiat si Hoagi, POJ beh anchoaN susia ui Hoagi lai e goalaigi? (Sia Hanji/HL etang thauchiahpou: sia Hanji kio lang kati thak. Anni, bo chinchiaN kaikoat bunte.)

Loulat.

Kiatgak

----- Original Message ----- From: Hokkchu To: keith cheng ; ; ?ååç?; Hak-khiam ; Taigu (Taiwanese Net) Sent: Thursday, August 07, 2003 11:11 PM Subject: Re: imchathoa (Re: "ma" e hoatim (Re: jipsiaN kap m/n/ng (Re: [TGB] nga vs. gaN; na vs. laN; ma vs. baN)))

Lan kiam-si teh tho-lun Tai-gi? A-si teh tho-lun Hoa-gi/Hoat-gi sim-chi IPA?

Goa kan-tann liau-kai TGB nai. Chhun..e, goa m-kann kong. Babuza ----- Original Message ----- From: keith cheng To: ; Hok-chu ; ?ååç?; Hak-khiam ; Taigu (Taiwanese Net) Sent: Thursday, August 07, 2003 5:56 PM Subject: Re: imchathoa (Re: "ma" e hoatim (Re: jipsiaN kap m/n/ng (Re: [TGB] nga vs. gaN; na vs. laN; ma vs. baN)))

Kok-ui;

Kiatgak hiaN kong liau bo m-tioh. "n" tek-khak e-sai imchat-hoa. M-koh POJ bo an-ne sia. Hoa-gi tioh chin-che. Chhin-chhiuN ebin "é Ô͘?quot; e Hoa-gi hoatim na beh eng POJ sia, e-sai sia-cho "sn" "??quot; e HG hoatim siacho "sng" Hoagi bo "sm"

Sichong

----- Original Message ----- From:
To: Hok-chu ; ?ååç?; Hak-khiam ; keith cheng ; Taigu (Taiwanese Net) Sent: Thursday, August 07, 2003 11:41 AM Subject: imchathoa (Re: "ma" e hoatim (Re: jipsiaN kap m/n/ng (Re: [TGB] nga vs. gaN; na vs. laN; ma vs. baN)))

hak-sut-siong ai ka chheng-hou cho im1chat5hoa3(syllabized). Na-si 'n', choat-tui m-si!

Mchai "n" choattui msi simmih?

"n" kisit ma etang imchathoa.

In-ui 'n' be-tang tan-tok cho su5.

"su5"?

"n" etang imchathoa, tongjian etang tantok cho su. Chengchha Holo Taigi bo anni eng nia. (Kisit khaugi u, bo lang sia--chhutlai nia.)

Chit-e koan-liam, ti lan TGB kai na-chhiunn iau chin-che lang bo chheng-chho. Iua-koh ka n kio-cho un-bo(bo-im).

Anni kong tianto e hoe--khi.

(1) "m, ng" punchiaN tosi "unbo" bo mtioh.

(2) "m, ng" si "imchathoa e chuim, tongcho boim eng"; kong in si "boim" ma betang kong mtioh.

(3) "m, ng si imchathoa e chuim" si siong oancheng e konghoat. (khah tng--chitsuta)

Loulat.

Kiatgak

----- Original Message ----- From: Hok-chu To: ?ååç?; ; Hak-khiam ; keith cheng ; Taigu (Taiwanese Net) Sent: Thursday, August 07, 2003 10:16 AM Subject: Re: "ma" e hoatim (Re: jipsiaN kap m/n/ng (Re: [TGB] nga vs. gaN; na vs. laN; ma vs. baN))

3.m n ng khah hokchap ,e-sai-chit cho siaNbo ,phiNim unboe unbo .

'M' kap 'ng' e-tang tan-tok cho su, chhiunn m2, m5, m7, ng1, ng1, ng3, ng5, ng7. an-ne thang sng si 'bo-im'. M-ku Khin-hoann hiann ka goa kong, hak-sut-siong ai ka chheng-hou cho im1chat5hoa3(syllabized). Na-si 'n', choat-tui m-si! In-ui 'n' be-tang tan-tok cho su5. Chit-e koan-liam, ti lan TGB kai na-chhiunn iau chin-che lang bo chheng-chho. Iua-koh ka n kio-cho un-bo(bo-im). Bong chham-kho. Babuza

----- Original Message ----- From: ?ååç?> To: ; Hak-khiam ; keith cheng ; Taigu (Taiwanese Net) Sent: Wednesday, August 06, 2003 11:16 PM Subject: Re: "ma" e hoatim (Re: jipsiaN kap m/n/ng (Re: [TGB] nga vs. gaN; na vs. laN; ma vs. baN))

Kiatgak hiaN kap tak-e pengan: kengkoe anni e tholun ,hou goa kohjin u chin 1 pou e liaukai kap simtek. chitmai goa lai poko goa e sim-tek: 1.baN/laN/gaN si 15 im e siat-ke ,chin-liong mai kap POJ lam-leh kong .na beh hou-siong cho pi-kau chiah u suiau tholun. 2.POJ e m n ng kap b l g si u phiNim kap bo phiNim echhapiat . 3.m n ng khah hokchap ,e-sai-chit cho siaNbo ,phiNim unboe unbo . 4.n kohkhah tekpiat ,khngti thaucheng si siaNbo ,khngti aupiah si unbo ,siosia si phiNhoa boim . 5.siaNbo chi-u chhui-heng ,bo siaNim ,si hoat-im cheng e chhui-heng ;un-bo u siaN koh u chhui-heng ;sio n e phiNim ,chi-si phiNim e huho ,theh-chheN Li chit-im si phiN-im ,sou-i hoat-siaN 1 khai-si tio-si phiNim ,m-si un-boe . 6.sou-i:ma/m-a;am/a-m ;na/[n-a];an/[a-n]aN;nga/ng-a;ang/a-ng e hoat-im ,long bo-kang-khoan . i-siong e kong-hoat ,m-chai tho-tong--bo ,chhiaN chi-kau . Lah-jih ----- Original Message ----- From:
To: ?ååç?; Hak-khiam ; keith cheng ; Taigu (Taiwanese Net) Sent: Wednesday, August 06, 2003 6:55 AM Subject: "ma" e hoatim (Re: jipsiaN kap m/n/ng (Re: [TGB] nga vs. gaN; na vs. laN; ma vs. baN))

Siau ls kap taike pengan,

Kipunsiong, che si 1 e chiaN kipun e hoatim bunte. Na ehiau hou "b, m", koh ehiau hou "a, aN", to etang hou 4 chiong bokang e imchat "ba, baN, ma, maN".

Eng "ma" cho le: to chiau itpoaN e houim kuichek, seng hou "m" [m?] koh hou "a" [a], seng liam khah ban--leh, chiah koh liam khah kin--leh, to etang hou "ma" e im--a. Ai chu-i aupiah e "a" mthang hou thaucheng e "m" enghiong--tioh.

HukiaN si Engkok 2 e giimhak ks (John Wells kap Jill House) leh ka lang hoatim. ChhiaN thiaN khoaNmai, khoaN kap Taigi e "ma" u simmih chengchha.

Loulat.

Kiatgak

----- Original Message ----- From: "?ååç?quot; To: "" ; "Hak-khiam" ; "keith cheng" ; "Taigu (Taiwanese Net)" Sent: Thursday, July 31, 2003 3:38 PM Subject: Re: jipsiaN kap m/n/ng (Re: [TGB] nga vs. gaN; na vs. laN; ma vs. baN)

baN ma ,laN na ,nga gaN e hoat-im ,bo-kang e sou-chai si phiN-siaN khng-ti thau-cheng iah-si au-piah e bun-te ,hoat-siaN liau-au e kiat-ko si kang-khoan--e

Mtioh. "ba, baN, ma, maN" hoatsiaN liauau e kiatko 4 e long bo kang. Kiohsi "baN, ma" hoatim siosiang si inui Taioanlang koansi ka in thakcho kangkhoan e hoatim "maN". chit-tiam goa kam-kak be-chhut--lai . Lah-jih

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