嚜� Tak-ke ho: Goa u kah Si Cheng-hong k.s. hap-sia chit pun chheh kio-cho GI-GIAN CHENG-CHHEK KAH CHE-TENG GI-GIAN KONG-PENG-HOAT E GIAN-KIU. 隤ž閮€�”輻�–�Š�ˆ嗅�š隤ž閮€� 砍像瘜•銋‹� ”蝛嗚€‚�‰銵›�‡箇‰ˆ蝷整€‚2003�€‚Chian-ui chhut-pan-sia. Phek-siu hiaN kong e Sui-su e le, goan u kai-siau, ka siong-koan e bun-chiuN in ti e-bin hou tak-ke chham-kho. U langkong 10 kui chiong koaN-hong gi-gian si bo-kho-leng e tai-chi, lan e-tang hoe-tap kong m-si mui chit e gi-gian longsi chong Tai-oan-kok kiong-thong e, m-koh thong-chio ti hit e gi-gian chu-iau su-iong e te-khu, eng-kai ai hou chia e gi-gian tong-cho khu-ek-seng e koaN-hong gi-gian, sou-i kong Bi-long, soaN-te-hiong….chio-sou chok-ku chu-chip e sou-chai long e-tang kho-lu hou in e gi-gian tong-cho tong-te e koaN-hong gi-gian, tong-jian e-tang chiaN-cho ui-it ah-si iong siang-gi e hong-sek. Ai khoaN tong-te-lang e i-kian. Hak-khiam Te 3 chiuN. Crystal (1987: 550) �Œ‡�‡箔�–�•Œ銝Š憭抒�„�œ‰�››�ˆ†銋‹銝€�š„�œ‹摰嗆œ‰銝甇V�€蝔桀�˜�–寞ˆ–�Š摰˜�–孵œ唬��š„隤ž閮€嚗ˆ�ƒ�œ‹�™„�Œ„2嚗‰�€‚憭š隤ž閮€�š„�œ‹摰嗉™•�†撠‘�•貉�ž閮€�—蝢斤š„�–孵�憭扳�‚�臭誑�ˆ†�‚箏››蝔桅�ž�ž‹ (Gifreu, 1996: 128嚗›�”∟Š祈Š喉�Œ2002嚗š152-53)嚗š 1. 隞仿 ˜�œŸ�ŽŸ�‰‡�‚箏Ÿ箇�Ž�š„撟喟�‰憭š隤ž閮€�œ‹摰塚�š 憒‚瘥”�ˆ拇™‚�€�‘ž憯怒€�‰�—�–舀‹‰憭怠Š�œ芸ˆ†鋆‚�‰�š„�瑕 ‹�–舀�›隡� ‹�€‚�€™鈭›�œ‹摰嗥š„�„�—蝢方�ž閮€�ƒ賭澈�œ‰�œ€擃˜璆菟™�š„�豢�•撟喟�‰�€‚ 2. 隞亥澈�ˆ†甈Š�ŽŸ�‰‡�‚箏Ÿ箇�Ž�š„撟喟�‰憭š隤ž閮€�œ‹摰塚�š 憒‚�Š祈˜准€�›扳ㄝ� ~€�„›�ˆ曇˜剖Š擐祉ˆ曆�–�€‚隤ž閮€甈Š�š刻‘—�€‹鈭箄粥嚗Œ銝蝞⊥“�”券‚�蝔桀�˜�–寡�ž閮€�š„�€‹鈭箇š†鈭急œ‰撟喟�‰�š„甈Š�ˆ押€‚ 3. 銝撟喟�‰�š„憭š隤ž閮€�œ‹摰塚�š 憒‚镼輻剔‰™�€瘜•�œ‹�€�‹勗œ‹�€蝢拙之�ˆ押€瘜Z˜剔�‰�€‚�€™鈭›�œ‹摰園›–�„嗆˜臬�š隤ž�š„蝷暹œƒ嚗Œ�餃ƒ �œ‰銝€蝔株�ž閮€鋡怨釵鈭ˆ摰˜�–孵œ唬��€‚ 4. �–株�ž�œ‹摰塚�š 憒‚靽�Š �ˆ拐�ž�Š撣Œ�‡˜嚗Œ銝�‰輯�� 嗡�–隤ž閮€�š„摮˜�œ具€‚ 銝Š餈啣�š摰˜�–寡�ž閮€�š„�œ‹摰塚�ˆ�喟洵銝€�’Œ蝚砌�Œ憿ž�ž‹嚗‰�ˆ†�ˆ乩蝙�”券 ˜�œŸ�ŽŸ�‰‡ (territory principle) �’Œ頨怠ˆ†甈Š�ŽŸ�‰‡ (personality principle) 靘†瘙箏�š摰˜�–寡�ž閮€�€‚隞乩�‹嚗Œ�ˆ†�ˆ亥�Ž隢–� ˜�œŸ�’Œ頨怠ˆ†甈Š�ŽŸ�‰‡�œ典豢�•�€蝡‹瘜•�€銵Œ�”踵�Ÿ�—œ�’Œ� 砍 望œ�‹™�š„隤ž閮€閬摰š嚗š隞亦‘ž憯怒€瘥”�ˆ拇™‚�€銝剖œ‹�’Œ�Œ芸��‚箔�‹閮Ž隢–� ˜�œŸ�ŽŸ�‰‡�š„�›™隤ž�”輻�–嚗›�„嗅�Œ嚗Œ隞亥Š祈˜剖’Œ�Š �‹踹之�‚箔�‹嚗Œ閮Ž隢–頨怠ˆ†甈Š�ŽŸ�‰‡�š„�›™隤ž�”輻�–�€‚ 嚗ˆ銝€嚗‰�‘ž憯�** �‘ž憯思誑� ˜�œŸ�ŽŸ�‰‡靘†閬�Šƒ�„�—蝢方�ž閮€�š„�œ唬�嚗Œ摰ƒ�Œ�™‚�ˆ†�ˆ乓€Œ�œ‹摰嗉�ž閮€�€�ˆ‡�€Œ摰˜�–寡�ž閮€�€�€‚� ˜�œŸ�ŽŸ�‰‡�ˆ蝔梁‚箏œ啣€�ŽŸ�‰‡�ˆ–�œ啣€�–�‘嚗Œ�Œ‡�š„�˜舐”勗€‹鈭箔�†�拇‡‰�‰€撅 雿�œ啣€�š„隤ž閮€�œ€閬嚗Œ隞乓€Œ銝€�€銝€隤ž閮€�€嚗Œ靘†�脰‡渲�ž閮€�’Œ撟喉�ˆ雿•敺瑁荔�Œ1994嚗‰�€‚�‘ž憯急–�1937撟�12�œˆ17�—乩耨甇�蝚�116璇�œ‰�—œ隤ž閮€�š„�舫‚行†脫�•璇甈曄‚綽�š�€Œ敺瑁�ž�€瘜•隤ž�€蝢拙之�ˆ抵�ž�Š蝢 �›潸迂隤ž�˜舐‘ž憯怎š„�œ‹摰嗉�ž閮€�€‚敺瑁�ž�€瘜•隤ž�Š蝢拙之�ˆ抵�ž�‰‡摰�雿ˆ�ˆ�‚箇‘ž憯恍‚西舐š„摰˜�–寡�ž�–‡�€嚗ˆ撘•�‡芸撐蝬剝‚佗�Œ2002嚗‰�€‚1996撟渡‘ž憯思耨閮‚隤ž閮€�š„�†脫�•嚗Œ撠‡蝢 �›潸迂隤ž銋Ÿ�ˆ—�‚箏�˜�–寡�ž�–‡�€‚�–唳†脫�•�š„蝚�4璇�˜臬œ‹摰嗉�ž閮€�š„閬摰š嚗š�€Œ�œ‹摰嗉�ž閮€�˜臬噸隤ž�€瘜•隤ž�€蝢拙之�ˆ抵�ž�Š蝢 �›潸迂隤ž�€‚�€嚗›蝚�70璇�‰‡�˜臬�˜�–寡�ž閮€�š„閬摰š嚗Œ�ˆ†�‚箔�”甈橘�š 蝚�1甈整€�‘ž憯怨舫‚衣š„摰˜�–寡�ž�–‡�˜臬噸�–‡�€瘜•�–‡�Š蝢拙之�ˆ拇–‡�€‚�‘ž憯怨舫‚西ˆ‡雓›蝢 �›潸迂隤ž�š„鈭箄舐鼠嚗ˆ靽�Œ�—œ靽‚嚗‰�™‚嚗Œ蝢 �›潸迂�–‡銋Ÿ�˜臬�˜�–寡�ž�–‡嚗› 蝚�2甈整€�„�‚阡ƒ⊥捱摰š� 嗅œ‹摰嗉�ž�–‡�€‚�‚箔�†蝣箔�隤ž閮€�—蝢日–“�š„�’Œ隢改�Œ�„�‚阡ƒ⊥‡‰�•™�„隤ž閮€�š„�‚喟絞� ˜�ŸŸ�š„�ˆ†雿ˆ嚗Œ銝血�Š�‡�œ砍œ啣�‘�•豢—蝢斤š„隤ž�–‡嚗› 蝚�3甈整€�‘ž憯怨舫‚血Š�‚阡ƒ⊿�“�‹菔�ž�–‡�—蝢日–“�š„�†閫��ˆ‡鈭斗�嚗› 蝚�4甈整€�‘ž憯怨舫‚行”舀游�š隤ž閮€�‚阡ƒ∪Ÿ瑁�Œ� 嗥‰寞�Š�š„隞餃‹™嚗› 蝚�5甈整€�‘ž憯怨舫‚衣‚箔�†靽銵›�Š�Ž典誨蝢 �›潸迂隤ž�–‡�Š蝢拙之�ˆ抵�ž�–‡�‰孵ˆ亙œ冽 澆‹ž鞈“�™餃Š� 文�‡隢暸‚阡ƒ⊥Ž∟�Œ�”舀渡š„�Ž芣–賬€‚ 敺ž銝Š�舐Ÿ伐�Œ�‘ž憯急ŠŠ�‰€�œ‰�š„�—蝢方�ž閮€�ƒ賢ˆ—�‚箏�˜�–寡�ž閮€�’Œ�œ‹摰嗉�ž閮€嚗Œ銝蝞∪ 嗆—蝢支犖��憭š撖∴�Œ� 琿�”�š„擃”�曇�ž閮€撟喟�‰�š„蝎曄�ž嚗›�血�–嚗Œ撠撠‘�•貉�ž閮€嚗ˆ蝢 �›潸迂隤ž�–‡�Š蝢拙之�ˆ抵�ž�–‡嚗‰�ˆ璆萄Š›�‰嗆Œ嚗Œ霈“撠‘�•貉�ž閮€敺—隞亙�—�ˆ啣�˜�–寧š„�ˆ嗅漲�”舀Œ�€‚�›–�„嗅�‘�•貉�ž閮€敺ˆ�›��ˆ�‚箏�˜�–寧š„撌乩�œ隤ž閮€嚗Œ銝�Ž撠�„憭批ˆ拙’Œ蝢 �›潸迂�—蝢方€Œ閮€嚗Œ�†脫�•銝Š�š„閬摰š隞亙Š�”踹�œ撠� 嗉�ž閮€�š„�ˆ嗅漲�‡單迨嚗Œ撌脰ƒ賣遛頞喳 園œ€閬嚗Œ�†脫�•閬摰š�š„撟喟�‰�芣˜航情敺菜€抒š„嚗ˆ銝˜�‰撱‰嚗Œ 1994嚗š38嚗‰�€‚�› 甇歹�Œ�›–�„嗥‘ž憯怠œ冽�‘�—�€�–‡�Œ–�€隤ž閮€銝Š�ƒ賣˜臬�š� ƒ�š„�œ‹摰塚�Œ�„�—蝢文œ冽”踵祥銝Š�餉ƒ賢’Œ隢抒›貉™•嚗Œ�„�—蝢支�‹隤ž閮€甈Š�ˆ拙—�ˆ啣像蝑‰�š„撠Š�‡�ˆ‡靽�šœ嚗Œ�‡‰閰脫˜舫‡閬�š„�› 蝝 �€‚�‘ž憯怠�‡隤ž閮€撟喟�‰�š„蝎曄�ž擃”�曉œ典 嗆†脫�•嚗Œ� 嗥�“撽—�›貊•嗅€澆�—�ˆ‘�œ‹�ƒ�€ƒ�€‚[1]�‘ž憯急˜臭誑� ˜�œŸ�ŽŸ�‰‡�š„憭š摰˜�–寡�ž閮€�œ‹摰嗚€‚�‘ž憯急˜舐”�26�€‹擃˜摨西‡芯蜓�š„�ƒ� (cantons)嚗ˆ� 嗡葉6�€‹�‚箏Š�ƒ∴�‰蝯„�ˆ�š„�舫‚血œ‹摰嗚€‚� 嗡葉22�€‹�˜臬–株�ž�ƒ∴�ˆ17�€‹敺瑁�ž�ƒ∴�Œ4�€‹瘜•隤ž�ƒ∴�Œ1�€‹�„隤ž�ƒ∴�‰嚗Œ3�€‹�ƒ∠‚粹›™隤ž�ƒ∴�Œ1�€‹�ƒ∠‚箔�‰隤ž�ƒ∴�Œ�”š�‡喳œ券›™隤ž�€銝‰隤ž�ƒ∩�Ÿ撣豢˜舐”勗€‹�ˆ亙–株�ž�€�ŸŸ�‰€瑽‹�ˆ�€‚�€™鈭›�ƒ∩誑�•嗅œ啁š„隤ž閮€雿œ�‚箏�˜�–寡�ž閮€嚗Œ隞颱�•蝘餃�€閰脤ƒ⊥ˆ–蝮��š„�€‹鈭粹ƒ賢�—�€Œ� 仿ƒ⊿š其�—�€�拇‡‰閰脤ƒ∠š„隤ž閮€嚗Œ隞亦•嗅œ唬�‹隤ž閮€�Ž餅‡‰隞˜�•嗅œ唬�‹�”踹�œ嚗Œ銝血�‡� 嗅�憟喲€�‡喟•嗅œ啣飛� ∩誑閰脤ƒ∟�ž閮€�Ž亙—�•™�‚莎�ˆ銝˜�‰撱‰嚗Œ1994嚗š37嚗‰�€‚�‘ž憯怎š„�„蝝š�”踹�œ銋‹�–“�š„� 祆–‡靘†敺€嚗Œ�Ÿ箸œ砌�Š�˜臬�Š�‡�€Œ� ˜�œŸ�ŽŸ�‰‡�€�€‚銝剖亢�ˆ‡�„�ƒ⊥”踹�œ�–“銋‹� 祆–‡靘†敺€隞亙„�ƒ⊿€š銵Œ�š„銝餉�隤ž閮€�‚箸�–�€‚銝€�ˆ砌犖�‰‡靘�€Œ頨怠ˆ†甈Š�ŽŸ�‰‡�€�ˆ‡銝剖亢鈭文�€嚗Œ�”勗€‹鈭箄‡芾�Œ�豢“‡雿輻”典�˜�–寡�ž閮€�€‚�血�–嚗Œ瘜•�™Yš„隤ž閮€�€頠�šŠ銝剛�ž閮€銋‹雿輻”剁�Œ銋Ÿ�˜舀Ž∠”具€Œ� ˜�œŸ�ŽŸ�‰‡�€�€‚�€Œ頠鈭‹�‰‹�†Š�€閬蝡 蝑‰�‰‡雿輻”其�‰蝔株�ž閮€�啗�Œ�€‚撠�–潸�摰˜�’Œ�舫‚血 砍‹™鈭箏“∠š„隤ž閮€閬瘙‚頛ƒ擃˜嚗Œ甇文 抵€ �œ刻�ž閮€銝Š敹 � ˆ�‡喳�‘閬�‡‚敺—� 拍車摰˜�–寡�ž閮€�€‚�瑚�頞Š擃˜嚗Œ隤ž閮€�ƒ賢Š›銋‹閬瘙‚鈭西�Š擃˜嚗ˆ銝˜�‰撱‰嚗Œ1994嚗š38嚗‰�€‚�œ典œ‹�œƒ銝剛降�“∪臭誑�‡芰”梢豢“‡雿輻”其遙雿•銝€�€‹摰˜�–寡�ž閮€�™潸�€嚗Œ銝�Ž撖阡š›�‚„�˜臭誑敺瑁�ž�’Œ瘜•隤ž�™潸�€�‚箔蜓�€‚�œ冽•™�‚脫–寥g�Œ�‰€�œ‰�š„�ƒ⊿ƒ質�摰š銝剖飛�”Ÿ敹 � ˆ靽桃�’瘥隤ž銋‹憭–�š„�虫�€蝔桀�˜�–寡�ž閮€嚗Œ銝血舫訾耨蝚砌�‰蝔桀�˜�–寡�ž閮€嚗ˆ銝˜�‰撱‰嚗Œ1994嚗š181嚗‰�€‚


[1] �œ祉�€�—œ�–潛‘ž憯怠’Œ瘥”�ˆ拇™‚�š„閮Ž隢–銝餉��ƒ�€ƒ銝˜�‰撱‰ (1994)�€‚

----- Original Message ----- From: ; ; Cc:[](https://web.archive.org/web/20060105064843/mailto: "") Sent: Friday, August 22, 2003 3:58 AM Subject: Re: "gigian pengteng hoat" (Re: [TGB] Re: Chng Tiong-bun Windows 98)
Taike pengan,

Goan cha-am chiah tui Auchiu tng lai Seattle. Iu-koan Angkichhiong ti Taioanlang taihoe tiong ka goa e hoe-tap, goa siuN si choe bo chek-jim e chengkhe-heng e hoetap.

Bin-chu chengti chai tih to-sou lang e i-kian cho i-kian. Si an-choaN na kong tioh Taigi, sui-si tioh chiong 14 chiong gigian long poaN poaN chhut lai? Gigian pengteng-hoat na bo senglip, hou i chu-jian hoat-tian toh piN cho Gigian siau-biat-hoat lah. Inui bo chengti e liek-liong lai po-hou. Taioan siahoe chi u Tiongkok kauiok, Tiongkok muiN-the, Tiongkok chengti e chu-chai, beh an-choaN u hoat-to hoattian Taioan gigian ne? Taioan gigian chi u chujian siaubiat. Taioan gigian na siaubiat toh bo Taioanlang lah!

Goan ti Sui-su toa chit lepai. Kamkak in e gigian peng-teng cho liau chin ho. Goan khi Czek Republic ikip Hungary chit lepai, tui in teh pohou bugi e koatsim kap chip-heng e thiat-te, hui-siong kam-tong. In long iong kokka e kauiok, muiNthe, chengti e chu-goan teh thui-heng in e bugi. In e chengti-ka m si lan ti Taioan choan si chengkhe-heng e siau-jin. Sou-i in e kokka-hokheng chin u hi-bang. Chiau goa sou chai (goan suijian bo khi, tansi u jin-chin khi mng), Slovakiah, Lithovia, Albania, Rumania, Latvia ikip choe choe tang-Au e kokka, long chin kiong-liek teh kauiok in kaki e bugi.

Binchengtong chiahe chengkhe-heng e siau-jin (kin-na joa-thiN, Ang-kichhiong kap TiuN Hiok-seng chit 2 ui "Kokhoe gioan" long u khi Au-chiu, 2 ui long u khi chham-ka ti Vienna e Choan-Au-Chiu Tiongkoklang Hiaphoe, "Au-Hoa Taihoe", taihoe e chit poaN isiong long si Taioanlang. In ti Taihoe sou-u e ian-kang kap chiatbok e chin-heng long iong Pak-kiaNoe), cha-ban e chionglai Taioan chhoa khi an-lok-si. Si kau Taioanlang song--oaiN-oaiN!

Tan pheksiu, siong.