Kiatgak hiaN, Si-chong siansiN,

Tosia lin e hoeeng!

Kiatgak hiaN thechhut 2 tiam:

1). retroflex e im, nasi "chr chhr sh r", khoaN-bechhut in e kiongtong e 
tekchit. iong "sr" chiah khoaN-echhut in e kiongtong e tekchit.

Li kong e khah hapli. Goa bo iong "sr", iong "sh" e liiu si,
a). Hakfa khahcha e POJ (MacIver) si iong "sh" lai piausi retroflex.
(dental "ts, tsh, s" ; retroflex "ch, chh, sh")

b). Khahcha e Tiongkok oe pheng-im long si iong "sh":
Kokgu LMJ, Lim Gutng, Chuim 2sek, Yale, Wade, Iucheng, Hangi.

c). Enggi lai khoaN, iong "sh" lai piausi chit-e im, u chit-e thoanthong.
chhiuN: Shanghai (Sionghai).
"sr" piausi s+r. chhiuN: Sri Lanka.

ChhiaN chhamkho.


2). "chhri" (eat) engkai si "chhrii".

Phonetics e koantiam lai kong engkai si "chhrii" khah chengkhak. M-ku, 
tui Phonology e koantiam lai khoaN, "chhr" e aupiah chi-u "ii", bo "i", 
che 2-e mbian khupiat. Sou-i goa tioh iong khah kantan e "i".
(che chhinchhiuN POJ u e souchai bo "o" kap "o'" e khupiat. chhiuN: "oa" 
si "o'+a", engkai msi "o+a".)
Chit-tiam goa bo saN kianchhi.


Si-chong siansiN thekhi:

> Goa kian-gi lan teh cho Taioan Hoagi im-phiau e si, ai kho-lu tioh 
> Hoa-gi Taioan-hoa e gi-im pian-chhian e cheng-heng (shift). Chhin-
> chhiuN "ch", "chr" bo-hun, "chh", "chhr" bo hun e cheng-heng.

Taioan e Tiongkok oe nasi lan etang ka sengjin cho Taioan e gigian, 
si in-ui che si chian-au tui Tiongkok lai e ibin ("goaseng-lang") e 
binchok gigian. Sou-i engkai bo "Taioan Kokgi" e buntoe.

Lan na sengjin "Taioan Kokgi" (m si (Taioan) Tiongkok oe) cho Taioan e 
kokka gigian chi it. Anne tui Holo oe, Hakfa, GCB oe e hoattian bo ho.
In-ui, Taioanlang u "Taioan Kokgi" chiah bo kamkak-tioh iong Taigu e 
pit-iau. Goa ngbang Taioan punthou binchok khisak goakok-oe, iong kaki
e kha (Taigu) lai khia-khilai.

ChhiaN chikau.

TADA Kei

---
>Tada san chit tho chiann ho. Anni taike simsi etang eng chit tho cho kichhou
>lai tholun? Teng chhut 1 tho khah huhap giimhak e hongan lai chhuisak.
>
>Lenggoa, laite "sh" (voiceless retroflex fricative) simsi "sr" chiah tioh?
>
>> "chhri" for 'eat'
>
>Simsi "chhrii" chiah tioh?
>
>> chong-si, tui Holo POJ e koantiam lai kong pi Thong-iong koh khah ho.
>
>Tui koansi (1) POJ (2) TLPA (3) Wade system (4) Engbun, tt seau gigian (5)
>IPA e lang lai kong engkai long khah ho Thongiong.
>
>Kiatgak
>
>----- Original Message -----
>From: "TADA Kei" 
>To: "Tojhokchu" 
>Cc: "keith cheng" ; ""
>; "Babuza Chu" ; "Taigu
>(Taiwanese Net)" 
>Sent: Monday, July 29, 2002 3:23 PM
>Subject: Re: [TGB] Lihai, chin lihai! (Thong-iong cho-than-hoe)
>
>
>> Kap POJ thong-iong e Tiongkok oe pheng-im engkai u chiok choe.
>> Goa ma u 1-tho. Che tioh ai cheng-ka i-ha e huho.
>>
>> 1). Tiongkok oe Te 3 siaN e huho.
>> 2). khinsiaN huho.
>> 3). u umlaut for 'fish'/'rain'.
>> 4). [i-] Kheh-gi e ii (u+ ekha ":") (uitioh beh piausi "sii '4'")
>>
>> laitoe u koa sou-chai hou lang kamkak chin bai. chhiuN "chhri" for 'eat'.
>> chong-si, tui Holo POJ e koantiam lai kong pi Thong-iong koh khah ho.
>>
>> TADA
>>
>> ---
>> [siaN-tiau]
>> a
>> [aA](iong Holo e te 5 siaN lai piau Tiongkok oe te 2 siaN)
>> [aV]
>> [a/](Holo te 2 siaN piausi Tiongkok oe te 4 siaN)
>> [a.](mchai suiau khinsiaN huho, iah bo.)
>>
>> [chu-im](LMJ, *PY)
>> p, *b
>> ph,*p
>> m
>> f
>> t, *d
>> th, *t
>> n
>> l
>> k, *g
>> kh, *k
>> h
>>
>> ch, *z (ch[i-] for *zi)
>> chh, *c
>> s
>> ch, *j (chi for *ji, ch[u:] for *ju)
>> chh, *q
>> s, *x
>>
>> chr, *zh
>> chhr, *ch
>> sh
>> r
>>
>> [bo-im/un-boe](C taipiau Chu-im)
>> i
>> u
>> [u:(u umlaut)]
>> a
>> u, *o [chrung for *zhong]
>> o, *e [koko for *gege 'elder brother']
>> e
>>
>> ai
>> ei
>> au, *ao
>> ou
>> an
>> on/Cn, *en [mon/mn for *men]
>> ang
>> ong/Cng, *eng [chrong/chrng for *zheng]
>> or, *er
>>

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
* Li chu-chheh e e-mail khau-cho si: TADA Kei .
* Beh kia phoe ho' tak-ke tioh iong chit-e khau-cho chiah kia-e-kau.
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *