Taigu e hakki poko
Taigu e hakki poko
From: Iunn Un-gian
Date: 2007-06-20 12:39:43
Takke ho :
Chit hakki Taitai u khui 1-mng "Taigubun guliau chhuli kisut", chhiaN hakseng thak 5-pun chu, nasi tui kesng gugianhak u chhubi e pengiu, esai lai khoaN poko http://iug.csie.dahan.edu.tw/course/2007/CPTWT/poko.htm (iahoh u 1-pun-chu e chuliau iahbe chiuNbang, siong oaN au lepai)
Kitiong, u 1-chou e tong-oh iong Hoabun sia ho liauau, iong TBSBA e Hoatai / hanlo choanoaN kangkhu, ka poko choan choe Tailo, goa khng ti ekha, hou takke chhamkho. chithun poko e bangchi ti http://iug.csie.dahan.edu.tw/course/2007/CPTWT/poko/GL-ch2.doc
Ungian 6.20
Tâi-gí-bûn gí-liāu tshù-lí ki-su̍t **－** khò-tn̂g pò-kò
tsu miâ：gí-liāu-khòo gí-giân-o̍h
Tsú-tûe：tē-jī-tsiuⁿ gí-liāu-khòo ê siat-kè kah khai-huat
P95922003 Lîm-Sū-hái
P95922005 Liāu-Gî-tsâi
Gí-liāu-khòo gí-giân-o̍h ê gián-kiù jîn-ûan tē-it bīn-tùi ê jīm-bū tsiū-sī kiàn-li̍p gí-liāu-khòo. Pún-tsiuⁿ bo̍k-tik tsāi suat-bîng gí-liāu-khòo ê siat-kè khai-huat hong-sik kah sî-siông gū-tio̍h ê būn-tê. Tsùe-āu suat-bîng bo̍k-tsîng ûan-sîng ê gí-liāu-khòo ê ti̍k-sik.
A. Gí-liāu-khòo siat-kè kahk pian-tsip tiong-kan ê būn-tê：Gí-liāu-khòo gí-giân-o̍h ê gián-kiù jîn-ûan tē-it bīn-tùi ê jīm-bū tsiū-sī kiàn-li̍p gí-liāu-khòo. Tsip-hîng kè-thîng tiong-kan, gián-kiù jîn-ûan king-siông bīn-tùi ê kun-pún būn-tê sī tsit-ê gí-liāu-khòo sóo tshái-tsi̍p ê gí-giân sòo-jī sī-m̄-sī tsin-tsiàⁿ tāi-piáu gûan-lâi kè-i̍k ê gí-giân kahk gí-thé. Tsìn-tsi̍t-pōo ián-piàn-tshut:『Gí-liāu-khòo pit-su pau-hâm da-tsi̍t-tsióng gí-liāu？』, 『Jû-hô tsoo-tsit tse ê gí-liāu？』, 『Jû-hô khòng-tsè liāu-āu tsāi sú-iōng gí-liāu-khòo ê kè-thîng tiong sóo huat-sing ê sū-tsîng？』 Jî-tshiánn tse pit-su khó-lū ê būn-tê tsú-iàu khó-í hun-lūi tsiâⁿ í-hā sam tūa-lūi：
1 Būn-tê tsi̍t － Tsīng-thài kah tōng-thài
1.1 Tsīng-thài gí-liāu-khòo － Khó-í tiang-tsùe sī tsi̍t-tsióng gí-giân ê siòng-phìⁿ. Bo̍k-tik sī pá-ak gí-giân tsú-iàu ê ti̍k-sik. Tsìn-tsi̍t-pōo tsiâⁿ-ûi bóo-tsi̍t-ê tsí-tīng sî-kî gí-giân ê tsi̍t-ê tāi-piáu. Tsīng-thài gí-liāu-khòo pīng-hui hān-tsè tsāi sió kui-bôo hi̍k-sī tūa-hîng gí-liāu-khòo. Nn̄g tsíng lóng khó-lîng-sī tsīng-thài gí-liāu-khòo.
ü Iu-tiám：Hong-piān kòo-tsō san-tshiūnn ê gí-liāu-khòo tsìn-hîng pí-kàu.
ü Khuat-tiám：Bē sûi sî-kan piàn-hùa.
1.2 Tōng-thài gí-liāu-khòo － Khó-í tiang-tsùe sī tsi̍t tsióng gí-giân ê iánn-phìnn. Bo̍k-tik sī kuan-tshat tse ê gí-giân ê īng-huat sûi sî-kan piàn-tshian ê tsîng-hîng.
ü Iu-tiám：Kì-lio̍k gí-giân tōng-thài piàn-hùa ê ián-pìⁿ kè-thîng.
ü Khuat-tiám：Bô sik-ha̍p bô-kâng gí-liāu-khòo tsi-kan ê pí-tùi. Jî-tshiáⁿ tsiâⁿ-pún jing-kûaiⁿ. Kî-tiong pau-hâm ngī-thé tsiâⁿ-pún kah nńg-thé hai-huat ê hok-tsa̍p thîng-tōo. In-tshú, nā tsí-kiong tsió-sòo su-kiû sú-iōng tsiong-sī tsi̍t-tsióng lōng-hùi.
2 Būn-tê jī — Tāi-piáu-sìng kah pîng-kun-sì
2.1 Tāi-piáu-sìng — Tsi̍t-ê ū tāi-piáu-sìng ê gí-liāu-khòo sī king-kùe tse ê gí-liāu-khòo tit-tiò ê hun-sik kiat-kó khó-í pau-kuat tsiâⁿ-ûi tse khúan gí-giân pún-sin hi̍k-sī i tsí-tīng ê pōo-hūn ê ti̍k-sik.
2.2 Pîng-kun-sìng — Tsi̍t-ê gí-giân tiong-kan óng-óng tsûn-tsāi jing-tsē thé-tshâi. Phì-lūn：su-bīn-gí kah kháu-gí, kok-tsióng hun-lūi ê hun-phùe pí-lē, pò-tsúa, tsa̍p-tsì kah o̍h-su̍t-lūi bûn-tsiuⁿ ê pí-lē. Lóng-sī Pîng-kun-sìng ê būn-tê. Tsiū-sǹg hān-tiāⁿ tsāi kui-tīng ê hūan-ûi. Tâng-khúan tsûn-tsāi tsit-ê būn-tê. Tû-hui hān-tsè tsāi jing-siáu ê hūan-ûi. Phì-lūn：hān-tsè tsi̍t-ūi tsok-ka sóo tshut-pán ê tsu-liāu.
2.3 Jû-hô an-pâi tsi̍t-ê gí-liāu-khòo sóo su-iàu ê iūⁿ-pún bûn-kiāⁿ. Bo̍k-tsîng á-būe iú phiau-tsún tap-àn. Hiān-tshú-sî tāi-pōo-hūn tshái-iōng ìng-iōng gí-giân-o̍h tiong liû-thong-tōo ê kài-liām lâi tshù-lí. Tsîng mûi-thé liû-thong-tōo kàu sû ê liû-thong-tōo lóng khó-í kè-sǹg. Khak-pó gí-liāu ê tāi-piáu-sìng kah pîng-kun-sìng. Put-kò liû-thong-tōo ā-sī tsûn-tsāi jīm-tīng ê būn-tê. Phì-lūn：tsi̍t-puaⁿ ê kuan-liām lóng jīn-ūi ngóo múi-ji̍t tsiap-siū kah sán-sing ê kháu-gí-sû tāi-khài pí su-bīn-gí-sû ke-jing-je. Tān-sī tsi̍t phiⁿ su-bīn-gí ûn-pún nā-sī ū tsi̍t-tshing-bān-lâng tha̍k-kùe. Kî-tiong khó-lîng sán-sing liû-thong-tōo jīm-tīng tshò-gōo ê būn-tê.
3 Būn-tê sam — Kui-bôo：Kui-bôo sī piáu-sī gí-liāu-khòo ê sû-tshù tsóng-sòo kah m̄-kâng-khúan ê sû-hîng tsóng-sòo, í-ki̍p gí-liāu-khòo ing-kai pau-kuat sím-mih bûn-pún, múi-ê hūan-ûi ing-kai pau-kuat ê iūⁿ-pún sòo-liōng. Tsit-ê hong-huat kuan-hē gí-liāu phín-tsit ê būn-tê. Tān-sī kui-bôo tsu̍at-hui jú-tūa-jú-hòoⁿ. Phín-tsit hòoⁿ-bái tsiah-sī tsú-iàu ê gûan-tsik. Jî-tshiánn bûn-pún hūan-ûi jú-tūa. Hun-sik ê kang-tsok jú-tāng. Put-kò sóo tsīng-ka ê hó-tshù khiok pí tsīng-ka ê khuat-tiám tsió.
3.1 Gí-liāu-khòo ê kui-bôo：Tsió-sòo ê kûaiⁿ-phiô-sû tsiàm-īng liáu tsi̍t-ê gí-liāu-khòo ê tūa-pōo-hūn. Jî-tshiánn tūa-iok tsi̍t-pùaⁿ ê sû-hîng tsāi tse-ê gí-liāu-khòo tsí-ū tshut-hiān kè tsi̍t piàn.
f × r = k f: Sû-phiô, r: Sû-phiô ê sūn-sū, k: Kòo-tīng sòo-jī
3.2 Iūⁿ-pún ê kui-bôo — Iūⁿ-pún ū bô-kâng ê tshú-iūⁿ hong-sik. Tsi̍t-lūi sī tsíng-kô bûn-kiāⁿ. Tsi̍t-lūi sī tshú bûn-kiāⁿ ê pōo-hūn. Bô-kâng ê tshú-iūⁿ hong-sik ū bô-kâng ê kiat-kó. Bô-tsiu-tsûan ê tshú-iūⁿ hong-sik ē phùa-hūai gí-giân ê ûan-tsíng-sìng.
B. Kiàn-li̍p tsi̍t-ê gí-liāu-khòo
1 Kiàn-li̍p gí-liāu-khòo ê bo̍k-tik
1.1 Tsi̍t-puaⁿ gí-liāu-khòo — Ing-kai thê-kiōng tūa-liōng iū phín-tsit-háu ê gí-giân.
1.2 Ti̍k-sû gí-liāu-khòo — Khó-lîng sī tsiam-tùi bóo-tsióng tsū-jiân gí-giân ê su-iàu, ū bîng-hián ê hūan-ûi tsiam-tùi sìng.
2 Gí-liāu ê lâi-gûan
2.1 Tsè-tsò tiān-tsú bûn-kiāⁿ
ü OCR-scan-input：Sú-iōng tsîng pit-su sing khak-tīng scan hē-thóng kū-pī khah sè ê piān-piat tshò-gōo.
ü Keyboard-input：Sik-iōng Bô-huat-tōo īng OCR-scan-input ê bûn-kiāⁿ. Phí-jû：kóng-kò-tuaⁿ, tshiú-siá ê tsu-liāu, kah gí-im kì-lo̍k.
2.2 Lī-iōng í-king ū ê tiān-tsú bûn-kiāⁿ － Bo̍k-tsîng tūa-to-sòo ê tshut-pán-phín lóng-sī īng tiān-tsú bûn-kiāⁿ ê hong-sik tsûn-tsāi. Tsí-iàu tsìn-hîng keh-sik ê tsúan-ūaⁿ tsiū khó-í sik-iōng.。
2.3 Hūn-ha̍p môo-sik － Tsiam-tùi bô-kâng bûn-kiāⁿ lâi-gûan tshái-tshú bô-kâng ê tshù-lí hong-sik sī bo̍k-tsîng sî-siông khùaⁿ-kìnn ê gí-liāu-khòo kiàn-li̍p hong-sik.
3 Gí-liāu-khòo ê siat-kè
3.1 Gí-liāu ê hun pòo
ü Kháu-gí kah su-bīn-gí
- Kháu-gí óng-óng pí su-bīn-gí kah iú tsí-tō ê ì-gī, bûn jīm-hô su-bīn-gí bûn-kiāⁿ khó-í ûan-tsûan tshú-tāi kháu-gí.
- Tiān-iánn kio̍k-pún, hūe-gī kì-lo̍k, huat-tîng àn-lē lóng-sī siu-kái kè ê gí-giân. Thóo-thòng kio-tsùe『tsún-kháu-gí』.
ü Tsìng-sik ê kah bûn-ha̍k ê gí-giân
- Tsìng-sik gí-giân pí hui-tsìng-sik gí-giân khah kan-tan tsāu-tit.
- Bûn-ha̍k gí-giân khah-ūe siū tsù-ì. Tān hui-tsìng-sik ê gí-giân tāi-pōo-hūn khah ū tāi-piáu-sìng. Phí-jû：ji̍t-kì kah su-sìn.
ü Gí-giân ê tián-hîng-sìng － Tsīn-liōng pau-kuat kok-tsióng bô-kâng-lūi ê bûn-kiāⁿ.
ü bûn-kiāⁿ ê sán-sing sî-kî
- Kiōng-sî gí-liāu-khòo － Gí-liāu-khòo tsí pau-kuat bóo-tsi̍t-ê sî-kî ê tsok-phín.
- Li̍k-sî gí-liāu-khòo － Gí-liāu-khòo pau-kuat bóo-tsi̍t-ê gí-giân bô-kâng sî-kî ê piàn-tshian kì-lo̍k.
3.2 Gí-liāu ê kui-bôo
ü Gí-liāu-khòo ê tūa-sió：Gí-liāu-khòo tiong sû-phiô ê hun-phùe sî-siông bô-pîng-kun. Phì-lūn：Ing-gí tiong sû-phiô tsîng sam kûaiⁿ ê sû hun-pia̍t sī『the』, 『of』, kah 『and』. Liáu-āu ê sû-phiô má-siàng kàng lo̍h-lâi.
ü Iūⁿ-pún ê tūa-sió
- It-pan lóng tsiam-tùi súan hâu ê bûn-pún lāi-iông tsìn-hîng sûi-ki tshái-iūⁿ. Pī-bián iūⁿ-pún tsi̍p-tiong tsāi gûan-sú bûn-kiāⁿ ê tsi̍t-kúa tūaⁿ-lo̍h. Put-kò sûi-ki tshái-iūⁿ khó-lîng tsûn-tsāi tsi̍t-kúa khùaⁿ-bô ê būn-tê. Phì-lūn：tshú-tit ê tsu-liāu sī siat-kè-tsiá khó-í tit-tio̍h-ê hi̍k-sī siat-kè-tsiá gûan-pún kè-ūe mei tshú-tit-ê.
- Nā-sī tsu-gûan iú kàu, tsiam-tùi kui-hūn bûn-kiāⁿ tsìn-hîng tshái-iūⁿ ing-kai sī siōng-hó ê tshái-iūⁿ hong-huat. Jî-tshiáⁿ put su-iōng tam-sim tshái-iūⁿ hong-sik ê ha̍p-lí-sìng. Tān-sī tsit-ê hong-àn su-iàu hòoⁿ ê gí-liāu-khòo kúan-lí hē-thóng ê hia̍p-tsōo.
4 Siat-kè pó-tsûn hē-thóng kah pó-tsûn kì-lio̍k
4.1 Soh-ín kiàn-li̍p hong-piān sú-iōng.
4.2 Tshái-iōng thóng-it ê phiau-tsún kúan-lí gí-liāu-khòo. Kah sú-iōng it-tì ê
4.3 Tsìng-khak-sìng：Nā-sī piau-kì ê phín-tsit bô-hâu. Tian-tó ē íng-hióng gí-liāu-khòo ê tsìng-khak-sìng.
4.4 Pó-tsûn khong-kan：Nā-sī í Ing-gí ûi lē, tsi̍t-pah-bān ê sû su-iōng pueh kàu tsa̍p Terabyte ê khong-kan. Nā su-iàu tsài tsìn-hîng gí-huat phiau-tsù kah kù-huat hun-sik tsiū su-iàu kok-khah-tūa ê pó-tsûn khong-kan.
5 Gí-liāu-khòo ê î-tshî
5.1 Siu-tsìng tshò-gōo
5.2 Gûan-pún gí-liāu-khòo ê kái-siān
5.3 Kiàn-li̍p gí-liāu-khòo tsa-sûn hē-thóng
5.4 Gí-liāu-khòo ê tshù-lí kah hun-sik kang-khū
C. Gí-liāu-khòo ê hun-lūi. Bo̍k-tsîng gí-liāu-khòo ê hun-lūi á-būe ū bîng-khak ê tīng-gī. Tse thê-tshut ū sham-khó kè-ta̍t ê hun-lūi hong-sik：
1 Ī-tsit-ē (heterogeneoos) － Tsīn khó-lîng siu-tsik koh hong-biān ê tshâi-liāu. Bô jīm-hô tāi-sing kui-tīng ê súan-tshú kui-tsik. Tse sī tsùe-kán-tan ê siu-tsik hong-huat.
2 Tâng-tsit-ē (homogeneous) － Tsiam-tùi ti̍k-sû bo̍k-piau sóo kiàn-li̍p. Phì-lūn：gûi-hiám-sìng pîng-koo kah tan-it tsok-ka ê tsú-tê.
3 Hē-thóng-ē (systematic) － Ûi pó-tsìng tāi-piáu-sìng, tsāi kiàn-li̍p sî tshiong-hun khó-lū tsīng-thài, tōng-thài, tāi-piáu-sìng, pîng-kun-sìng, kah kui-bôo ê būn-tê.
4 Tsuan-īng-ē (specialized) － Kok-tsíng ê tsuan-īng gí-liāu-khòo lóng sǹg-sī tshú lūi.
D. Kok-gūa gí-liāu-khòo kài-siāu：Í-hā tāi-lio̍k kài-siāu kúi-ê kok-gūa gí-liāu-khòo ê ti̍k-sik.
1 SEU gí-liāu-khòo
1.1 1959 nî Ing-kok Lûn-tun tāi-ha̍k Quirk kàu-siū sóo kiàn-li̍p.
1.2 Tsûan-miâ：Survey of English Usage.
1.3 Kòng-hiàn：Gí-giân kho-ha̍k-sú siōng tē-tsi̍t-ê tūa-hîng tiān-náu gí-liāu-khòo.
1.4 Su-bīn-gí kah kháu-gí koh-pun tsi̍t-pùaⁿ(pîng-kun). Múi-phiⁿ 500 jī tsó-iū.
Su-bīn(100 phiⁿ)
In-suat-phín(46 phiⁿ)
Hui ìn-suat-phín(36 phiⁿ)
Kháu-gí(18 phiⁿ)
Kháu-seh (100 phiⁿ)
Ián-káng, phîng-lūn, kong-khai, bô-kong-khai,…tíng-tíng
2 Brown gí-liāu-khòo
2.1 1960 nnî-tāi, Francis hâm Kucera tsāi Bí-kok Brown tāi-ha̍k kiàn-li̍p.
2.2 Bo̍k-tik：Gián-kiù tng-tāi Bí-kok Ing-gí.
2.3 Pán-pún suat-bîng
ü A：Gûan-sú pán-pún.
ü B：San-tû A pán-pún ê phiau-tiám hû-hō, liân-jī, kui-tsik. Iú-lī tan-sû ê gián-kiù.
ü C：Tùi B pán-pún tsìn-hîng sû-sìng piau-kì.
ü Bergen I、II：Bergen tāi-ha̍k ûan-sîng. Pau-hâm tūa-sió siá ê jī-bú, phiau-hō-hō-bé, pâi-pán tsu-sìn (tē II pán-pún kiám pâi-pán tsu-sìn).
ü MARC pán：Tsiap-siū nn̄g tsióng kiám-soh hong-sik.
- Tsîng gí-liāu-khòo kiám-soh ûan-tsíng ê tsng-kù.
- Kuan-kiàn-jī,tíng-ē bûn sing-sîng sik-ín kiâⁿ bûn-jī.
2.4 Kiat-kòo kah gí-liāu hun-phùe
ü Kiōng-sî gûan-tsik：1961 Bí-kok lâng tshut-pán ê phóo-thong gí-thé ê bûn-pún.
ü 100 bān sû-tshù, 15 tsíng thé-tshâi.
Tsu-sìn lūi gí-sû
Sióng-siōng lūi gí-sû
Sin-bûn pò-kò 44
Siā-lūn 27
Phîng-lūn 17
Tsong-kàu 17
Tsi-lîng 36
Liû-hing 48
Bûn-hak 75
Kî-thaⁿ 30
Kàu-kho-su 83
Tsi̍t-puaⁿ siáu-suat 29
Tsing-thàm siáu-suat 24
Khe-húaⁿ siáu-suat 6
Mōo-hiám siáu-suat 29
Ài-tsîng kòo-sū 29
Tshiò-khe 6
2.5 Āu-sùa gián-kiù kah saⁿ-kuaiⁿ sán-phín
ü 1967 nî Brown tāi-ha̍k tshut-pán：Tng-tāi Ing-gí sû-phiô sû-tián.
ü 70 nnî-tāi Greene hâm Rubin siat-kè TAGGIT hē-thóng tùi Brown gí-liāu-khòo tsò sû-sìng phiau-tsù.
2.6 Kòng-hiàn：Ūe-sái húan-ìng gí-giân kiōng-sî-sìng ê pîng-kun gí-liāu-khòo.
3 LOB gí-liāu-khòo
3.1 70 nnî-tāi,Lancaster tāi-ha̍k hâm Oslo tāi-ha̍k ha̍p-tsò ûan-sîng. Sia-tsāi Bergen tāi-ha̍k.
3.2 Gián-kiù tōng-ki.
ü Gián-kiù tng-tāi Ing-kok Ing-gí gí-liāu.。
ü Ūi-tio̍h kah Bí-gí pí-kàu. Kui-bôo hâm hun-pòo lūi-sū Brown gí-liāu-khòo.
3.3 Piau-kì hē-thóng － TAGIT
ü Iú phiau-tsù Brown gí-liāu-khòo → thóng-kè hun-sik → tùi LOB tsìn-hîng phiau-tsù.
ü Phiau-tsù tsìng-khak-sìng 96%。
3.4 Kòng-hiàn：TAGIT hē-thóng īng thóng-kè hong-sik kiàn-li̍p kè-sǹg hong-sik. Thê-kûaiⁿ phiau-tsù tsìng-khak-sìng.
4 LLC kháu-gí gí-liāu-khòo
4.1 1981 nî Sūi-tián Svartvik tsú-tshî ûan-sîng. Tōng-ki sī ûan-sîng Ing-gí kháu-gí tiâu-tsa (The Survey of Spoken English, SSE). Tse ê gí-liāu-khòo tshing-ûi LLC (London-Lund Corpus of Spoken English).
4.2 Kiat-kòo
ü Gōo-tūa-lūi (bīn-tùi-bīn, tiān-ūe, thó-lūn, liâm-sî ián-káng, tsuan-tê ián-káng).
ü Kiám-sik hē-thóng：Key word in context, KWIC.
4.3 Kòng-hiàn
ü Tē tsi̍t-ê kháu-gí Ing-gí gí-liāu-khòo.
ü Sik-ín hē-thón.
5 COBUILD gí-liāu-khòo
5.1 Tsûan-miâ：Collins Berminhan University International Language Database.
5.2 80 nnî-tāi, John Sinclair kiàn-li̍p.
5.3 Saⁿ-kuaiⁿ sán-phín
ü 1987 Ing-kok Collins tshut-pán-siā tshut-pán Collins COBUILD English Language Dictionary.
ü Thâu-tsi̍t-pún lē-kù lâi tsū tsin-si̍t gí-liāu ê jī-tián.
5.4 Kòng-hiàn
ü Tē tsi̍t-ê tōng-thài gí-liāu-khòo.
ü The Bank of English.
6 Longman gí-liāu-khòo
6.1 1988-1990 Longman gí-liāu-khòo úi-ûan-hē kiàn-li̍p.
6.2 Siat-kè ti̍k-tiám
ü Pún-tso̍k gí-giân sú-iōng-tsiá ê ti̍t-kak hâm gí-liāu-khòo kûan-ui. Khu-piat hán-kìⁿ, tián-hîng tíng-tíng ê ti̍k-tiám.
ü Pún-bûn lūi-hîng hun tì-sik-sìng hâm sióng-siōng-sìng.。
ü Pîng-kun hâm tōng-thài gí-liāu-khòo.
6.3 Kòng-hiàn：Hun-lūi hong-huat kheh-kuan, hòoⁿ tiâu-tsíng. Bē siū bûn-pún tit-tio̍h ê hong-sik ê iok-sok. Tsìn-tsîng ê hong-huat (Brown, SEU) ûi sûi-ki tshái-iūⁿ. Iông-īⁿ sán-sing tshò-gōo ê tsîng-hîng.
6.4 Longman gí-liāu-khòo ê kui-hūan.
Tsa̍p tūa tsú-tê
Tsū-jiân, ìng-iōng kho-ha̍k, sè-kài sū-bū, siong-gia̍p hâm kim-hiông, gē-su̍t, sìn-gióng, hiu-hā, siáu-suat, si-kua hâm tshiò-khe.
Sì tūa bûn-kiānn ti̍k-sik. (Múi ê bûn-pún lóng su-iàu tsí-tīng tse sì-hāng ti̍k-sik.)
Sóo-tsāi
Ing-kok, Bí-kok, kî-thaⁿ kok-ka.
Sî-kan
Li̍k-sú gí-liāu-khòo (1900 - bo̍k-tsîng).
Hm̂-kài
Tsu-pún, pò-tsúa, tsa̍p-tsì.
Tán kip
ûi-it ê hui kheh-kuan ê ti̍k-sik.
7 Ing-kok kok-ka gí-liāu-khòo (BNC)
7.1 Tsûan-miâ：The National British Corpus.
7.2 1991-1995 thóng-tsi̍t tsìng-hú, tshut-pán-siā, Longman khì-gia̍p, hâm tāi-ha̍k tsu-gûan lâi ûan-sîng.
7.3 Bûn-pún pí-lē súan-ti̍k ti̍k-sik.
Tsu-bīn 90%
Huat-piáu sî-kan
1975-1993(80.89%)
Mûi-thé
Tsú-iàu lâi-gûan：tsu-pún (43.36%)
Hūan-ûi
Sióng-siōng lūi, tsū-jiân kho-ha̍ki̍tíng-tíng.
Kháu-gí 10%
Sú-iōng khûan-kíng
Kóng-khò, thûan-tō, hiān-tiûⁿ pò-kò.
Thóng-kè tshái-iūⁿ
124 ê tsū-gūan tsiá ê sing-hu̍ah lo̍k-im.
8 Kok-tsè Ing-gí gí-liāu-khòo (ICE)
8.1 1988 SEU tsú-si̍k huat-khí kok-tsè Ing-gí gí-liāu-khòo.
8.2 Kiat-kòo
Kháu-gí (300 phiⁿ)
To̍k-pe̍h (120 phiⁿ)
Tsu-bīn-gí (200 phiⁿ)
Ìn-suat (150 phiⁿ)
8.3 Kòng-hiàn
ü Thê-kiōng tùi Ing-gí kok-ka bô-kâng Ing-gí ê pí-kàu gián-kiù tsu-liāu-khòo.
ü Kháu-gí gí-liāu-khòo.
9 Ing-gí gí-liāu-khòo ti̍k-sik tsíng-lí
Bîng-tshing
Ti̍k-sik hâm Kòng-hiàn
SEU gí-liāu-khòo
Gí-giân kho-ha̍k-sú siōng tē-tsi̍t-ê tūa-hîng tiān-náu gí-liāu-khòo.
Brown gí-liāu-khòo
Húan-ìng gí-giân kiōng-sî-sìng ê pîng-kun gí-liāu-khòo.
LOB gí-liāu-khòo
Phiau-tsù tsìng-khak-sìng kûaiⁿ.
LLC kháu-gí gí-liāu-khòo
Tē tsi̍t-ê kháu-gí Ing-gí gí-liāu-khòo.
COBUILD gí-liāu-khòo
Tē tsi̍t-ê tōng-thài gí-liāu-khòo.
Longman gí-liāu-khòo
Pîng-kun-hîng tōng-thài gí-liāu-khòo.
BNC gí-liāu-khòo
Thóng-tsi̍t kok-tsíng ê tsu-gûan lâi ûan-sîng.
Kok-tsè Ing-gí gí-liāu-khòo
Ing-gí kok-ka bô-kâng ing-gí ê pí-kàu.
E. Hùa-gí gí-liāu-khòo ê hiān-hóng
1 Hùa-gí gí-liāu-khòo kài-siāu
1.1 Khùn-lân：Hùa-gí ê sû kah sû tiong-kan bô keh-khui ê piau-kì. Hun-sik khah khùn-lân.
1.2 Huat-tián kè-thîng：
ü 1928 nî － Tân-Ho̍h-khîm. Lâng-kang thóng-kè.
ü 70 nnî-tāi － Kè-sǹg-ki gí-liāu-khòo kang-khū.
- Hiān-tāi Hùa-gí jī-phiô thóng-kè.
- Hiān-tāi Hùa-gí sû-phiô sû-tián.
ü 80 nnî-tāi － Tsū-tōng hun-sû hē-thón gián-kiù. Ki-hâi huan-i̍k ki-tshóo.
ü 90 nnî-tāi － Tsham-khó kok-gūa gí-liāu-khòo. Khai-sí tāi-liōng huat-tián.
ū
2 Hùa-gí sû-phiô thóng-kè gí-liāu-khòo
2.1 Iû Pak-kiaⁿ gí-giân bûn-hùa tāi-ha̍k khai-huat.
2.2 Tshú-iūⁿ lāi-iông kiat-kòo hâm pí-lē
-
Hiān-si̍t siā-hūe sing-hu̍ah bûn-tsiuⁿ (24.4%)
-
Tāi-tsiòng khe-ha̍k tì-sik tshâi-liāu (15.8%)
-
Ji̍t-siông sing-hu̍ah kháu-gí(10.9%)
-
Siáu-suat sàn-bûn tíng-tíng. (48.7%)
2.3 Lāi-iông sam tūa gûan-tsik
ü Gōo-sù-ūn-tōng í-āu ê bûn-ha̍k tsok-phín.
ü 40-50 nnî-tāi ê tsok-phín.
ü Pó-tshî pún-bûn ê ûan-tsíng. Bô tsùe hun-kuah.
2.4 Kòng-hiàn
ü Tē tsi̍t-ê Hùa-gí tsū-tōng hun-sû hē-thón － CDWS.
ü Tē tsi̍t-ê Hùa-gí thóng-kè hun-sik kè-sǹg gí-sû tsu-sìn.
3 Tâi-ûan Tiong-ng gián-kiù-īnn pîng-kun gí-liāu-khòo
3.1 1990 Tiong-ng gián-kiù-īnn sû tì-sik-khòo sió-tsóo khai-sí kiàn-li̍p.
3.2 Siat-kè ti̍k-tiám
ü Tsun-siú Tâi-ûan kè-sǹg gí-giân o̍h-hē hun-sû phiau-tsún.
ü Tshái-iūⁿ tsū-jiân tūaⁿ-lo̍h ûi tsún (m̄-sī jī-sòo tiông-túan). Pī-bián bûn-tsiuⁿ pī tsia̍t-tn̄g. Gí-ì put-bîng.
ü Kok-khúan hun-lūi. Pau-hâm：thé-tshâi, gí-sik, tsú-tê hâm hm̂-kài. Gí-sik hun-ûi sì lūi：『Write』, 『Spoken』, 『Write-to-be-spoken』, 『Spoken-to-be-write』.
3.3 Kòng-hiàn
ü Tē tsi̍t-ê ûan-tsíng sû-lūi piau-kì ê Hùa-gí pîng-kun gí-liāu-khòo.
ü Hùa-gí kuan-kiàn-sû kiám-sik hē-thón.
ū
4 Tiong-bûn gōo tē-khu kiōng-sî gí-liāu-khòo (LIVAC)
4.1 1991 Hiong-káng Siânn-tshī tāi-ha̍k khai-huat.
4.2 Ti̍k-tiám
ü Gí-liāu tshái-tsi̍p hūan-ûi kóng-khuah. (Tāi-lio̍k, Tâi-ûan, Hiong-káng, Sin-ka-pho, Ò-mn̂g)
ü Kiōng-sî-sìng － Pí-kàu siong-sū gí-sû tsāi bô-kâng sóo-tsāi ê kuan-hē.
ü Pōo-hūn pau-hâm saⁿ-nî ê tsu-liāu.
ü Kiōng-sî hâm li̍k-sî gí-liāu-khòo.
4.3 Gí-liāu lâi-gûan hong-huat：múi-sì-ji̍t tsi̍t-tshù ê tng-tūe pò-tsúa, thâu-pán, siā-lūn, sin-bûn, tíng-tíng sìng-tsit ê bûn-tsiuⁿ.
5 Hiān-tāi Hùa-gí gián-kiù gí-liāu-khòo
5.1 Tāi-lio̍k kok-ka kà-úi kè-i̍k hāng-bo̍k.
5.2 Gíng-huat tōng-ki
ü Thê-kiōng hiān-tāi Hùa-gí gián-kiù jîn-ûan tūa kui-bôo tsin-si̍t bûn-pún ê gián-kiù khûan-kíng.
5.3 Ti̍k-tiám
ü Nn̄g kip tshái-iūⁿ
- 6000 bān jī-tshù (Jîn-bîn ji̍t-pò)：Jī-sòo bô-kàu kah pún-bûn bô ûan-tsíng bô siu.
- 1250 bān jī-tshù (Tāi-tsiòng khe-ha̍k lūi su-tsi̍k)：Sûi-ki tshái-iūⁿ jī-sû.
ü Preprocess
- Kè-lū kio̍k-pún tiong-kan m̄-sī tùi-ūe ê pōo-hūn kah pán-bīn chṳ-sin.
- Tiông-sin ka-ji̍p tūaⁿ-lo̍h piau-kì.
6 Hùa-gí ê tsing-ke-kang gí-liāu-khòo
6.1 Tāi-lio̍k kok-ka tsū-jiân kho-ha̍k ki-kim-hūe siat-kè.
6.2 Siat-kè tōng-ki
ü Siat-kè bûn-pún hun-sû kui-tsik.
ü Siat-kè sû-sìng phiau-tsù kui-tsik.
ü Siat-kè gí-liāu-khòo súan-ti̍k gûan-tsik kah gí-liāu hun-phùe hong-huat.
6.3 Lāi-iông kiat-kòo
ü 80-90 nnî-tāi gí-liāu. Húan-ìng tang-sî ê Hùa-gí.
ü Lāi-iông í phiⁿ ûi tan-ūi. Tsú-iàu sī khùaⁿ bûn-thé ê hun-phùe. Tē-jī tsiah sī khùaⁿ sóo-tsāi ê hun-phùe.
ü Su-bīn-gí, bô-pau-kuat hong-giân.
ü Kū-thé hun-phùe：bûn-ha̍k, sin-bûn, ha̍k-su̍t, hâm ìng-iōng.
6.4 Hun-sû kui-tsik：Tshing-tshó kui-tīng tseⁿ-gī hun-sû ê tsìng-khak. Phì-lūn：『pùaⁿ』.
ü 『Tsi̍t-kun-pùaⁿ』tsùe sòo-jī sî tshiat tshut → tsi̍t-kun/pùaⁿ.
ü Tsi̍t-pùaⁿ → bô tshiat-hun.
6.5 Phiau-tsù kui-tsik kai-kip
ü N：Miâ-sû, 22 ê tūa-lūi. Miâ-sû, tōng-sû, hîng-iông-sû….
ü P: Miâ-sû tiong ê tsuan-īng miâ-sû.
ü F: Tsuan-īng miâ-sû lāi-bīn ê gūa-kok-lâng ê sìng-sī.
6.6 Kòng-hiàn
ü Hiān-tāi Hùa-gí sû-lūi, kù-huat gián-kiù ê sóo-tsāi.
ü Hùa-gí gí-liāu-khòo tiōng-tiám tsíng-lí.
6.7 Hùa-gí gí-liāu-khòo ti̍k-sik tsíng-lí
Bîng-tshing
Ti̍k-sik hâm Kòng-hiàn
Hùa-gí sû-phiô thóng-kè gí-liāu-khòo
Tē tsi̍t-ê Hùa-gí tsū-tōng hun-sû hâm hun-sik.
Tiong-ng gián-kiù-īnn pîng-kun gí-liāu-khòo
Tē tsi̍t-ê ûan-tsíng sû-lūi piau-kì ê Hùa-gí pîng-kun gí-liāu-khòo.
Tiong-bûn gōo tē-khu kiōng-sî gí-liāu-khòo
Kiōng-sî hâm li̍k-sî gí-liāu-khòo.
Hiān-tāi Hùa-gí gián-kiù gí-liāu-khòo
Nn̄g kip tshái-iūⁿ.
Hùa-gí ê tsing-ke-kang gí-liāu-khòo
Hiān-tāi Hùa-gí sû-lūi, kù-huat gián-kiù ê sóo-tsāi.(bē ûan-sîng)
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IuN Un-gian 楊允言
Tai-han Chu-kang-he Chou-li kau-siu大漢資工系助理教授
Tai-tai Chu-kang-he Phok-su hau-soan-jin 台大資工系博士候選人