Fwd: The Tale of Taiwan's Aborigines
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------=_NextPart_001_0002_01C0EA2E.E225D7E0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding:quoted-printable The Tale of Taiwan's Aborigines =20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20 =20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20 Home | Discussions | Print Edition | Archives | Site Map | Home Delive= ry | Advertise | Feedback | Help=20=20 =20=20=20=20=20 =20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20 News Politics Entertainment music, movies, art, TV, restaurants Business Travel Marketplace jobs, homes, cars, rentals, classifieds Sports Commentary Shopping=20=20 =20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20 =20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20 =20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20 Nation & World =20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20 BREAKING NEWS=20 . Top Reuters Headlines -- Entertainment=20=20=20 . Reuters Entertainment News Summary=20=20=20 . Actor Cate Blanchett Expecting Baby This Year=20=20=20 MORE=20 TOP TIMES STORIES=20 . 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Living Special Reports Sunday Opinion Tech Times Times Poll Traffic Weather Workplace SITE MAP=20=20 =20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20 =20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20 SHOP 'TIL YOUR LAPTOP DROPS=20=20 =20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20 Search=20=20=20 Products Stores=20=20=20 =20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20 =20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20 =20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20 =20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20 =20=20=20=20=20=20 Friday, June 1, 2001 | Print this story=20 The Tale of Taiwan's Aborigines=20 A court ruling and a new government have given hope to the island's = dispossessed natives.=20 By HENRY CHU, Times Staff Writer HUALIEN, Taiwan--A noisy cement factory sits on the land where T= ien Min-jen grew up. He can see its towering bulk from where he lives now, = and in its nonstop whir he hears the rumble of injustice. For millenniums, the area has been home to Tien's ancestors, mem= bers of the aboriginal Taroko tribe on Taiwan's verdant eastern coast. They= raised their crops and their children and put down roots here long before = Chinese settlers first arrived 400 years ago. But Chinese expansion, at times brutally violent, crowded out in= digenous people such as Tien. Assimilation wiped out whole tribes. In 1949,= Chiang Kai-shek arrived after losing to Mao Tse-tung's Communists on the m= ainland and soon nationalized the land in hopes of turning Taiwan into an i= ndustrial power base from which to retake China. Thousands of natives were = dispossessed. 'The government took the land for their own use and treated us l= ike we were guests,' Tien said, his deeply tanned face creasing with anger.= 'We were born and bred on this land. It ought to be mine again.' That may yet happen. In an unprecedented decision last summer, a= Taiwanese court ruled that the property taken by the government and given = to the Asia Cement Co. rightfully belongs to Tien, 48, and other Tarokos. It was a major victory for the island's aboriginal population af= ter decades of suppression, neglect and forced assimilation by the dominant= ethnic Chinese society. In another promising development, moves by Taiwan'= s new government have raised hopes that aborigines will be granted more aut= onomy. Even as the world lavishes praise on Taiwan's transformation fro= m a single-party police state to a vibrant democracy, activists such as Tie= n hope to expose one of the darker sides of the island's past: the shameful= treatment of its native inhabitants. Few aborigines remain to tell the tale--only about 390,000 membe= rs of nine tribes, or less than 2% of Taiwan's population of 23 million. Unemployment and poor health plague aboriginal communities. Moth= er tongues are dying out. Time is short for the elderly, who maintain the s= trongest ties to their traditional lands and cultures despite the Chinese i= dentities the government imposed on them and their offspring. Yet activists draw inspiration from the struggles of indigenous = groups around the world, from Native Americans in the U.S. to the Maoris of= New Zealand. The feeling of kinship may go beyond the metaphorical: Some a= nthropologists believe that the Maoris and other South Pacific islanders, i= ncluding the Polynesians in Hawaii, are descended from Taiwan's aborigines. One of the aborigines' biggest international boosts occurred in = the U.S. in 1996, when a traditional song of this island's Ami tribe was us= ed to promote the Summer Olympics in Atlanta--a swooping, echoing melody th= at sounds like a call from the mountainside. All of Taiwan's nine recognized tribes are in fact mountain dwel= lers. Their inaccessibility in the rugged hills of central and eastern Taiw= an helped them survive when the indigenous peoples on the plains did not. A= ll 10 plains tribes are virtually extinct through displacement and intermar= riage with the Chinese. The mountain clans want to stave off that fate and are resorting= to the tools of Taiwan's fast-developing civil society to do so. The lifting of martial law in 1987 opened the door to a vast arr= ay of interest groups in Taiwan, from environmentalists to gay-rights advoc= ates, who suddenly found that they could organize and agitate without being= arrested and hauled off to jail. Among aborigines, ethnic pride began to assert itself. For decad= es, they had been taught to consider themselves Chinese, in line with Chian= g's vision of Taiwan as a part of China; Chiang's ruling Nationalists calle= d the 'mountain people' their comrades in arms. The assimilation eroded many of the practices that had made indi= genous cultures distinctive, from native dress to language. Many aborigines= today are hardly distinguishable from ethnic, or Han, Chinese, except for = darker complexions and different facial features in some cases. The gap bet= ween indigenous and Chinese cultures has narrowed over four centuries of Ch= inese settlement. Under martial law, Mandarin Chinese was Taiwan's official langua= ge; anyone caught speaking in an indigenous tongue or the local Taiwanese d= ialect was punished. Aborigines were forced to adopt Chinese names, a polic= y that many found humiliating. Isak Afo reclaimed his birth name in 1994 and erased the Chinese= impostor, Lin Shien-fong, from all his legal papers. 'My parents gave me this name, which shows my roots. It's an imp= ortant cultural and personal symbol,' said Afo, a member of the Ami tribe, = Taiwan's most populous, known for its matriarchal social structure and rich= store of native songs. Afo was among the first activists to coalesce around a common ra= llying cry in the late 1980s: 'Return our land.' In 1988, indigenous groups= marched on Taipei, the capital, demanding that the Nationalist government = give back the land it had expropriated. Several more protests attracted tho= usands of demonstrators. 'For aborigines, the land is life,' Afo declared. 'It's a common= grievance people can unite under.' In 1996, the government set up a Council of Aboriginal Affairs, = which reports directly to Taiwan's president. The constitution now guarante= es eight seats in the 280-member Legislative Yuan, or parliament, to aborig= inal representatives to fight for their interests. But real progress on the problems affecting native people has be= en hard to come by. Despite greater visibility of aborigines and even a brief wave o= f 'aboriginal chic' sparked by pop singers such as A-Mei, a sultry tribal p= rincess whose concerts draw huge crowds, public opinion toward native peopl= e is often highly prejudiced. Media outlets paint unflattering portraits of indigenous residen= ts, with exaggerated accounts of alcoholism, criminality and child prostitu= tion. Activists, who acknowledge that such problems exist, say the sen= sationalist coverage masks their underlying causes. Unemployment among abor= igines, at 8%, is twice the national average. Jobs, when they can be found,= are often among the least desirable and most dangerous, such as constructi= on work. Less than 10% of aborigines have a college degree, compared with 3= 4% of the general population. 'The government says that the Republic of China [Taiwan] is one = nation. But this does no good for aborigines because there's no justice and= much poverty,' said Payen Talu, an aboriginal legislator. 'There's a lot o= f discrimination, similar to the way whites treat blacks in the United Stat= es.' Political power remains a phantom. 'Our voters aren't really a t= hreat and can't make much of an impact,' said Talu, whose cramped office is= adorned with posters of elderly members of his tribe, the Atayal, sporting= their distinctive facial tattoos. Yet some of the blame for lack of progress lies closer to home, = activists admit. Factionalism has divided the tribes, with no single charismatic = leader who has emerged to unite everyone. One activist recalls walking out = of a meeting after participants spent an hour arguing over a motto for the = group rather than discussing anything substantive. Tribal differences are exacerbated at times by religious ones. D= enominational conflicts have hampered efforts to keep a panaboriginal movem= ent going among the indigenous, about 75% of whom are Christian, the result= of missionary activity. 'If in 15 years we don't get together, entire tribes are going t= o perish,' Talu warned. 'The sun will set on us.' Recent events have shone a few rays of hope. A historic shift in Taiwan's government last year has put in pla= ce some top leaders regarded as more responsive to local concerns. The Demo= cratic Progressive Party of President Chen Shui-bian was born on Taiwanese = soil, unlike the long-ruling Nationalist Party, which was founded on mainla= nd China. As a presidential candidate, Chen was the only one to sign a 'tr= eaty of peace and equality' with the nine tribes, promising to recognize th= eir sovereignty, restore traditional homelands and reinstate the indigenous= names of mountains, rivers and other natural landmarks. 'Over the last 400 years, [aborigines] have experienced mistreat= ment and oppression at the hands of colonial regimes,' the compact said. 'B= ut successive colonial rulers have yet to issue any form of apology or impl= ement any measure of redress for the errors they committed.' The government is set to launch an experiment in granting more a= utonomy to aboriginal communities, starting with the Yami people, a communi= ty of seafaring, expert fishers on Orchid island, a tiny dot on the map off= Taiwan's southeastern coast. Although details are still to be settled--with the help of exper= ts from such countries as New Zealand and Canada, which have worked out the= ir own legal arrangements with indigenous peoples--activists envision a sel= f-contained area responsible for its own taxation, education and some socia= l welfare programs. This would make it easier to preserve native customs such as the= coming-of-age rites of the Puyuma, the harvest prayers of the Bunun (sung = in eight-part harmony), the colorful leather clothing of the Tsou and the d= elicate stone- and wood-carving of the Paiwan.=20 Above all, greater autonomy for aborigines could help preserve i= ndigenous languages, which are in danger of disappearing within a few gener= ations. Fewer than half the people in each tribe can speak their mother ton= gue. Among the young, many of whom leave for the cities in search of work a= nd better opportunities, the proportion is even lower. 'This is a very perilous situation,' said Isqaqavut Yohani, the = head of the Cabinet-level Council of Aboriginal Affairs and a member of the= Bunun tribe. 'When you lose your mother tongue, you lose your culture. I l= ike to say that your mother language is your ID card. If you say you're an = aborigine but can't speak a word of the language, I won't believe you.' His office is working with tribal elders to determine the bounda= ries of their traditional lands. Estimates of the total area involved vary = wildly, from 640,000 to 4.2 million acres. And drawing borders is not the o= nly question. 'Say the aboriginal people occupied the central part of Taiwan,'= Yohani said. 'All of Taiwan's water resources come from this area. Will th= e government allow aborigines to control all the water resources? And the f= orests and mines?' Getting current occupants to relinquish the land is another head= ache. Here in Hualien, despite the court ruling awarding land rights t= o the Taroko--a subgroup of the Atayal--the Asia Cement Co. refuses to move= , insisting on further negotiations with the tribe and the government, whic= h are in the works. The company maintains that the Tarokos gave up their ri= ghts to the property and that it has the documents to prove it. But Taroko activist Tien Chun-chou says the documents are forger= ies. Tien, 58, is Hualien's answer to Erin Brockovich. A beautician-t= urned-legal crusader, Tien doggedly combed dusty archives and ignored threa= ts of harm in her campaign against big business. She got a lucky break one day when Asia Cement executives storme= d out of a meeting, leaving behind a stack of papers. As Tien started flipping through them, she discovered that they = were the documents allegedly ceding the land to Asia Cement--and that they = were riddled with irregularities. Some were missing official seals. Others lacked dates. Even more= fishy, the signatures of many former landowners who supposedly gave up the= ir property were all in the same handwriting. Tien (no relation to Tien Min-jen) went back and pulled the agre= ements, one by one, from the files of the local government office. She took= them to the alleged signatories and asked if they had signed. The answer w= as always the same: no. It took a year of digging, but her effort paid off with last sum= mer's court order. 'I want the land of my forebears,' Tien said. 'That land is full= of emotion. When I touch it, I can feel my ancestors' presence.' But it's a frustrating wait for the judge's decision to come to = fruition. Two months ago, a protest against the company turned violent when= fed-up Taroko farmers broke through barriers and scuffled with company emp= loyees in an attempt to plant seedlings on the disputed land. The protesters included elderly aborigines who eagerly want to r= eturn to their roots. 'Whenever I run into elderly aborigines, they ask, 'When will I = get my land back?' and my heart breaks,' Tien said sadly. 'I can't say when= they'll get it. A lot of old folks I know have died. But I think they're s= till helping me from heaven. I believe that.' =20=20=20=20=20 News Politics Entertainment music, movies, art, TV, restaurants Business Travel Marketplace jobs, homes, cars, rentals, classifieds Sports Commentary Shopping=20=20 =20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20 =20=20=20=20=20=20 Copyright =A9 2001 Los Angeles Times For information about reprinting this article, go to [http://www.lats.=](<http://www.lats.=/>) com/rights/register.htm=20=20 =20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20 =20=20=20=20=20 ------=_NextPart_001_0002_01C0EA2E.E225D7E0 Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding:quoted-printable <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN"> <HTML><HEAD><TITLE>The Tale of Taiwan’s Aborigines</TITLE><BASE=20 href=3D<http://www.latimes.com/news/nation/updates2/lat_taroco010601.htm>> <META http-equiv=3DContent-Type content=3D"text/html; charset=3Diso-8859-1"= ><LINK=20 href=3D"/generalpx.css" rel=3Dstylesheet> <META content=3D"MSHTML 5.50.4207.2601" name=3DGENERATOR></HEAD> <BODY 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</TD></TR> <TR> <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dmiddle width=3D"1%"><B=20 class=3Dnavheads>•</B></TD> <TD class=3DnHeadline><A=20 href=3D"/wires/20010531/tCB00a3776.html">Reuters Entertai= nment=20 News Summary</A></TD> <TD class=3DnHeadline width=3D"1%"> </TD></TR> <TR> <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dmiddle width=3D"1%"><B=20 class=3Dnavheads>•</B></TD> <TD class=3DnHeadline><A=20 href=3D"/wires/20010531/tCB00a3961.html">Actor Cate Blanc= hett=20 Expecting Baby This Year</A></TD> <TD class=3DnHeadline width=3D"1%"> </TD></TR> <TR> <TD align=3Dright colSpan=3D3><B class=3Dnavheads><A=20 href=3D"/wires/more.htm">MORE</A><IMG height=3D5=20 src=3D"/images/empty.gif" width=3D25></B></TD></TR></TBOD= Y></TABLE> <TABLE> <TBODY> <TR> <TD width=3D"1%"><IMG height=3D5 src=3D"/images/empty.gif"= =20 width=3D5></TD> <TD colSpan=3D2><B class=3Dnavheads>TOP TIMES STORIES</B></= TD></TR> <TR> <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dmiddle width=3D"1%"><B=20 class=3Dnavheads>•</B></TD> <TD class=3DnHeadline><A=20 href=3D"/news/nation/20010531/t000045515.html">Decline in= Crime=20 Ending, FBI Says</A></TD> <TD class=3DnHeadline width=3D"1%"> </TD></TR> <TR> <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dmiddle width=3D"1%"><B=20 class=3Dnavheads>•</B></TD> <TD class=3DnHeadline><A=20 href=3D"/news/nation/20010531/t000045512.html">Poverty Se= t=20 Volatile Stage for Race Riots in Britain</A></TD> <TD class=3DnHeadline width=3D"1%"> </TD></TR> <TR> <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dmiddle width=3D"1%"><B=20 class=3Dnavheads>•</B></TD> <TD class=3DnHeadline><A=20 href=3D"/news/nation/20010531/t000045513.html">Germany OK= s Funds=20 for Nazi Slave Laborers</A></TD> <TD class=3DnHeadline width=3D"1%"> </TD></TR> <TR> <TD align=3Dright colSpan=3D3><B class=3Dnavheads><A=20 href=3D"/news/nation/more.htm">MORE</A><IMG height=3D5=20 src=3D"/images/empty.gif" width=3D25></B></TD></TR></TBOD= Y></TABLE></TD> <TD align=3Dright width=3D"1%" bgColor=3D#fff0c3><IMG height=3D1= =20 src=3D"/images/empty.gif" width=3D5></TD></TR><!-- END HEADLINE= AREA --><!-- BEGIN LOWER NEWS NAV --> <TR> <TD width=3D"1%" bgColor=3D#ffdc77> </TD> <TD bgColor=3D#ffdc77 colSpan=3D2> <TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D3 width=3D"100%" border=3D= 0> <TBODY> <TR> <TD class=3DnLevel2Section vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"30%"><A=20 href=3D"/wires/"><B>Breaking News</B></A><BR><A=20 href=3D"/news/nation/"><B>Nation & World</B></A><BR><= A=20 href=3D"/news/state/"><B>California</B></A><BR><A=20 href=3D"/news/politics/"><B>Politics</B></A><BR></TD> <TD width=3D"5%"><IMG height=3D1 src=3D"/images/empty.gif"= =20 width=3D8></TD> <TD class=3DnLevel2Section vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"30%"><A=20 href=3D"/news/health/"><B>Health</B> </A><BR><A=20 href=3D"/news/highway1/"><B>Highway 1</B></A><BR><A=20 href=3D"/news/science/"><B>Science</B></A></TD> <TD width=3D"5%"><IMG height=3D1 src=3D"/images/empty.gif"= =20 width=3D8></TD> <TD class=3DnLevel2Section vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"30%"><A=20 href=3D"/editions/orange/"><B>Orange County</B></A><BR><A= =20 href=3D"/editions/valley/"><B>Valley</B></A><BR><A=20 href=3D"/editions/ventura/"><B>Ventura=20 County</B></A></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></TD> <TD width=3D"1%" bgColor=3D#ffdc77><IMG height=3D1 src=3D"/images= /empty.gif"=20 width=3D5></TD></TR><!-- END LOWER NEWS NAV --> <TR> <TD width=3D"1%" bgColor=3D#254970><IMG height=3D3 src=3D"/images= /empty.gif"=20 width=3D3></TD> <TD bgColor=3D#254970 colSpan=3D2><IMG height=3D3 src=3D"/images/= empty.gif"=20 width=3D1></TD> <TD width=3D"1%" bgColor=3D#ffffff><IMG height=3D3 src=3D"/images= /empty.gif"=20 width=3D1></TD></TR> <TR> <TD width=3D"1%" bgColor=3D#aed4e9> </TD> <TD vAlign=3Dtop bgColor=3D#aed4e9 colSpan=3D2><IMG height=3D5=20 src=3D"/images/empty.gif" width=3D5 align=3Dtop><BR><B=20 class=3DnClassifiedTitle><A href=3D"/class">Marketplace</A></B>= <SPAN=20 class=3DnClassified> Find a <A=20 href=3D"/class/realestate">home</A>, <A=20 href=3D"[http://www.cars.com/carsapp/latimes/?srv=3Dparser&a=](<http://www.cars.com/carsapp/latimes/?srv=3Dparser&a=>) ct=3Ddisplay&tf=3D/index-default.tmpl">car</A>,=20 <A href=3D"/class/rental">rental</A>, <A href=3D"/class/employ"= >job</A>,=20 <A href=3D"/class/pets">pet</A>, <A=20 href=3D"/class/merchandise">merchandise</A>, <!-- <a href=3D"ht= tp://www.laauctions.com/">auction</a>, --><A=20 href=3D"/class/transportation">boat, plane or RV</A>, <A=20 href=3D"/class">classifieds</A> </SPAN><B=20 class=3DnClassifiedTitle><A href=3D"/class/placead"><NOBR>Place= an=20 Ad</NOBR></A></B><BR><IMG height=3D5 src=3D"/images/empty.gif"= =20 width=3D5></TD> <TD width=3D"1%" bgColor=3D#aed4e9><IMG height=3D1 src=3D"/images= /empty.gif"=20 width=3D1></TD></TR> <TR> <TD width=3D"1%" bgColor=3D#254970><IMG height=3D3 src=3D"/images= /empty.gif"=20 width=3D3></TD> <TD bgColor=3D#254970 colSpan=3D2><IMG height=3D3 src=3D"/images/= empty.gif"=20 width=3D1></TD> <TD width=3D"1%" bgColor=3D#254970><IMG height=3D3 src=3D"/images= /empty.gif"=20 width=3D1></TD></TR><!-- Begin Subscription box --> <TR> <TD width=3D"1%" bgColor=3D#aed4e9> </TD> <TD vAlign=3Dtop bgColor=3D#aed4e9 colSpan=3D2><IMG height=3D5=20 src=3D"/images/empty.gif" width=3D5 align=3Dtop><BR><B=20 class=3DnClassifiedTitle><!a href=3D"/class">L.A. Times Subscri= ption=20 Services</A></B><SPAN class=3DnClassified> <A=20 href=3D"/siteservices/homedelivery.htm">Subscribe</A>, <A=20 href=3D"/siteservices/changedelivery.htm">Change of Address</A>= , <A=20 href=3D"/siteservices/vacationstop.htm">Vacation Stops</A>, <A= =20 href=3D"/siteservices/stopdelivery.htm">Suspend Delivery</A>, <= A=20 href=3D"/siteservices/collegedelivery.htm">College Discount</A>= , <A=20 href=3D"/siteservices/giftdelivery.htm">Gift Subscriptions</A>,= <A=20 href=3D"/siteservices/maildelivery.htm">Mail Subscriptions</A>,= <A=20 href=3D"/siteservices/delivery_faqs.htm">FAQ</A> </S= PAN><!-- <b class=3D"nClassifiedTitle"><a href=3D"/siteservices/deliveryinq= uiries.htm"><nobr>Contact Us</nobr></a></b> --><BR><IMG=20 height=3D5 src=3D"/images/empty.gif" width=3D5></TD> <TD width=3D"1%" bgColor=3D#aed4e9><IMG height=3D1 src=3D"/images= /empty.gif"=20 width=3D1></TD></TR><!-- End Subscription box --> <TR> <TD width=3D"1%" bgColor=3D#254970><IMG height=3D3 src=3D"/images= /empty.gif"=20 width=3D3></TD> <TD bgColor=3D#254970 colSpan=3D2><IMG height=3D3 src=3D"/images/= empty.gif"=20 width=3D1></TD> <TD width=3D"1%" bgColor=3D#254970><IMG height=3D3 src=3D"/images= /empty.gif"=20 width=3D1></TD></TR> <TR> <TD width=3D"1%" bgColor=3D#aed4e9> </TD> <TD vAlign=3Dtop bgColor=3D#aed4e9 colSpan=3D2><IMG height=3D5=20 src=3D"/images/empty.gif" width=3D5 align=3Dtop><BR><B=20 class=3DnClassifiedTitle><A href=3D"/printtoweb/printads/">Prin= t Ads=20 from the Newspaper</A></B> <SPAN class=3DnClassifie= d>See=20 this week's ads</SPAN><BR><IMG height=3D5 src=3D"/images/empty.= gif"=20 width=3D5></TD> <TD width=3D"1%" bgColor=3D#aed4e9><IMG height=3D1 src=3D"/images= /empty.gif"=20 width=3D1></TD></TR> <TR> <TD width=3D"1%" bgColor=3D#254970> </TD> <TD align=3Dleft bgColor=3D#254970 colSpan=3D2><IMG height=3D5=20 src=3D"/images/empty.gif" width=3D1><BR><IMG height=3D7 hspace= =3D3=20 src=3D"/images/moresections.gif" width=3D81 vspace=3D5></TD> <TD width=3D"1%" bgColor=3D#254970><IMG height=3D5 src=3D"/images= /empty.gif"=20 width=3D5></TD></TR> <TR> <TD width=3D"1%" bgColor=3D#254970> </TD> <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dmiddle bgColor=3D#254970 colSpan=3D2> <TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 width=3D"100%" border=3D= 0> <TBODY> <TR> <TD class=3DnSubSection vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"30%"><A=20 href=3D"<http://www.calendarlive.com/top/1,1419,L-LATimes-=> Books-X!Front,00.html"><FONT=20 color=3D#ffffff>Books</FONT></A><BR><A=20 href=3D"/news/columns/"><FONT=20 color=3D#ffffff>Columnists</FONT></A><BR><A=20 href=3D"/siteservices/crossword.htm"><FONT=20 color=3D#ffffff>Crossword</FONT></A><BR><A=20 href=3D"/learning/"><FONT=20 color=3D#ffffff>Education</FONT></A><BR><A href=3D"/food/= "><FONT=20 color=3D#ffffff>Food</FONT></A><BR><A href=3D"/news/healt= h/"><FONT=20 color=3D#ffffff>Health</FONT></A><BR><A=20 href=3D"/news/highway1/"><FONT color=3D#ffffff>Highway=20 1</FONT></A><BR><A href=3D"/extras/horoscope/"><FONT=20 color=3D#ffffff>Horoscope</FONT></A><BR></TD> <TD width=3D"5%"> </TD> <TD class=3DnSubSection vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"30%"><A=20 href=3D"/extras/lottery/"><FONT=20 color=3D#ffffff>Lottery</FONT></A><BR><A=20 href=3D"/print/magazine/"><FONT=20 color=3D#ffffff>Magazine</FONT></A><BR><A=20 href=3D"/obituary/"><FONT=20 color=3D#ffffff>Obituaries</FONT></A><BR><A=20 href=3D"/readingby9/"><FONT color=3D#ffffff>Reading by=20 9</FONT></A><BR><A href=3D"/print/realestate/"><FONT=20 color=3D#ffffff>Real Estate</FONT></A><BR><A=20 href=3D"/news/religion/"><FONT=20 color=3D#ffffff>Religion</FONT></A><BR><A=20 href=3D"/news/science/science/"><FONT=20 color=3D#ffffff>Science</FONT></A><BR><A href=3D"/living/= "><FONT=20 color=3D#ffffff>So.Cal. Living</FONT></A><BR></TD> <TD width=3D"5%"> </TD> <TD class=3DnSubSection vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"30%"><A=20 href=3D"/news/reports/"><FONT color=3D#ffffff>Special=20 Reports</FONT></A><BR><A href=3D"/print/opinion/"><FONT=20 color=3D#ffffff>Sunday Opinion</FONT></A><BR><A=20 href=3D"/business/cutting/ttimes/"><FONT color=3D#ffffff>= Tech=20 Times</FONT></A><BR><A href=3D"/news/timespoll/"><FONT=20 color=3D#ffffff>Times Poll</FONT></A><BR><A=20 href=3D"/extras/traffic/"><FONT=20 color=3D#ffffff>Traffic</FONT></A><BR><A=20 href=3D"<http://www.weatherpoint.com/latimes/">;><FONT=20 color=3D#ffffff>Weather</FONT></A><BR><A href=3D"/workpla= ce"><FONT=20 color=3D#ffffff>Workplace</FONT></A><BR><A=20 href=3D"/sitemap.htm"><FONT color=3D#b2cbd2><B>SITE=20 MAP</B></FONT></A> </TD></TR> <TR vAlign=3Dtop> <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"100%" colSpan=3D5><BR><A=20 href=3D"[http://www.ktla.com"](<http://www.ktla.com"/>);><IMG height=3D47 alt=3D""=20 src=3D"/images/home/ktla_trans.gif" width=3D78=20 border=3D0></A><BR></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><IMG height=3D10= =20 src=3D"/images/empty.gif" width=3D1></TD> <TD width=3D"1%" bgColor=3D#254970><IMG height=3D5 src=3D"/images= /empty.gif"=20 width=3D1></TD></TR><!-- begin ecom box for LAT/Sports --> <TR> <TD width=3D"1%" bgColor=3D#ffc501> </TD> <TD class=3DnMarketplace vAlign=3Dbottom align=3Dleft bgColor=3D#= ffc501=20 colSpan=3D2>SHOP 'TIL YOUR LAPTOP DROPS</TD> <TD width=3D"1%" bgColor=3D#ffc501><IMG height=3D3 src=3D"/images= /empty.gif"=20 width=3D5></TD></TR> <TR> <TD width=3D"1%" bgColor=3D#ffc501><IMG height=3D2 src=3D"/images= /empty.gif"=20 width=3D5></TD> <TD align=3Dleft bgColor=3D#ff0000 colSpan=3D2><IMG height=3D1=20 src=3D"/images/empty.gif" width=3D1></TD> <TD width=3D"1%" bgColor=3D#ff0000><IMG height=3D2 src=3D"/images= /empty.gif"=20 width=3D5></TD></TR> <TR> <TD width=3D"1%" bgColor=3D#ffc501> </TD> <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft bgColor=3D#ffc501 rowSpan=3D2><A=20 href=3D"<http://www.latimes.com/class/2shop/menus/">;><IMG height= =3D47=20 alt=3DShopping src=3D"<http://www.latimes.com/ads/vendors/ecom_b=> ox1.gif"=20 width=3D83 border=3D0></A><IMG height=3D47 alt=3D""=20 src=3D"<http://www.latimes.com/ads/vendors/fade_right.gif">; width= =3D60=20 border=3D0></TD> <TD class=3DnHeadline vAlign=3Dtop bgColor=3D#ffc501 rowSpan=3D2> <FORM=20 action=3D<http://latimes.pointshop.com/Mall/Home/HomeAllSearch.a=> sp?><FONT=20 face=3D"arial, helvetica" color=3D#000000 size=3D-2>Search</FON= T>=20 <TABLE cellSpacing=3D3 cellPadding=3D0 border=3D0> <TBODY> <TR> <TD><INPUT maxLength=3D100 size=3D8 name=3DKEYWORDS></TD> <TD><INPUT type=3Dimage height=3D18 hspace=3D3 width=3D25=20 src=3D"<http://www.latimes.com/ads/vendors/go1.gif">; border= =3D0=20 name=3DSearchProduct></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><FONT=20 face=3D"arial, helvetica" color=3D#000000 size=3D-2><INPUT type= =3Dradio=20 CHECKED value=3DProducts name=3DSELECTED>Products</FONT> <FONT= =20 face=3D"arial, helvetica" color=3D#000000 size=3D-2><INPUT type= =3Dradio=20 value=3DStores name=3DSELECTED>Stores</FONT> <!--td><FONT face= =3D"arial, helvetica" size=3D"-2" color=3D"#FFFFFF"><INPUT type=3D"Radio" n= ame=3D"SELECTED" value=3D"Specials">Specials</font></td--></FORM></TD> <TD width=3D"1%" bgColor=3D#ffc501><IMG height=3D3 src=3D"/images= /empty.gif"=20 width=3D5></TD></TR> <TR> <TD width=3D"1%" bgColor=3D#ffc501> </TD> <TD width=3D"1%" bgColor=3D#ffc501><IMG height=3D3 src=3D"/images= /empty.gif"=20 width=3D5> <!-- End ecom box for LAT/Sports --><!-- Bluefish Ne= twork Popunder --> <SCRIPT language=3Djavascript> var url =3D "<http://www.latimes.com/RealMedia/ads/click_lx.ads/www.latimes.=> com/news/nation/updates2/lat_taroco010601.htm/13779/Position2/ParisPark001c= /ParisXcamecommedit.htm/63306138643531333362313163636130"; 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He can see its towering bulk from where he lives now, and in its= =20 nonstop whir he hears the rumble of=20 injustice.<BR> For millenniums, the area= has=20 been home to Tien’s ancestors, members of the aboriginal Taroko= tribe on=20 Taiwan’s verdant eastern coast. They raised their crops and the= ir children=20 and put down roots here long before Chinese settlers first arrived 40= 0=20 years ago.<BR> But Chinese expansion, at= =20 times brutally violent, crowded out indigenous people such as Tien.=20 Assimilation wiped out whole tribes. In 1949, Chiang Kai-shek arrived= =20 after losing to Mao Tse-tung’s Communists on the mainland and s= oon=20 nationalized the land in hopes of turning Taiwan into an industrial p= ower=20 base from which to retake China. Thousands of natives were=20 dispossessed.<BR> ‘The government = took the=20 land for their own use and treated us like we were guests,‘ Tie= n said, his=20 deeply tanned face creasing with anger. ‘We were born and bred = on this=20 land. It ought to be mine again.‘<BR> &n= bsp;That=20 may yet happen. In an unprecedented decision last summer, a Taiwanese= =20 court ruled that the property taken by the government and given to th= e=20 Asia Cement Co. rightfully belongs to Tien, 48, and other=20 Tarokos.<BR> It was a major victory for = the=20 island’s aboriginal population after decades of suppression, ne= glect and=20 forced assimilation by the dominant ethnic Chinese society. In anothe= r=20 promising development, moves by Taiwan’s new government have ra= ised hopes=20 that aborigines will be granted more=20 autonomy.<BR> Even as the world lavishes= =20 praise on Taiwan’s transformation from a single-party police st= ate to a=20 vibrant democracy, activists such as Tien hope to expose one of the d= arker=20 sides of the island’s past: the shameful treatment of its nativ= e=20 inhabitants.<BR> Few aborigines remain t= o=20 tell the tale--only about 390,000 members of nine tribes, or less tha= n 2%=20 of Taiwan’s population of 23=20 million.<BR> Unemployment and poor healt= h=20 plague aboriginal communities. Mother tongues are dying out. Time is = short=20 for the elderly, who maintain the strongest ties to their traditional= =20 lands and cultures despite the Chinese identities the government impo= sed=20 on them and their offspring.<BR> Yet=20 activists draw inspiration from the struggles of indigenous groups ar= ound=20 the world, from Native Americans in the U.S. to the Maoris of New Zea= land.=20 The feeling of kinship may go beyond the metaphorical: Some=20 anthropologists believe that the Maoris and other South Pacific islan= ders,=20 including the Polynesians in Hawaii, are descended from Taiwan’= s=20 aborigines.<BR> One of the aborigines= 217;=20 biggest international boosts occurred in the U.S. in 1996, when a=20 traditional song of this island’s Ami tribe was used to promote= the Summer=20 Olympics in Atlanta--a swooping, echoing melody that sounds like a ca= ll=20 from the mountainside.<BR> All of Taiwan= ’s=20 nine recognized tribes are in fact mountain dwellers. Their=20 inaccessibility in the rugged hills of central and eastern Taiwan hel= ped=20 them survive when the indigenous peoples on the plains did not. All 1= 0=20 plains tribes are virtually extinct through displacement and intermar= riage=20 with the Chinese.<BR> The mountain clans= want=20 to stave off that fate and are resorting to the tools of Taiwan’= ;s=20 fast-developing civil society to do=20 so.<BR> The lifting of martial law in 19= 87=20 opened the door to a vast array of interest groups in Taiwan, from=20 environmentalists to gay-rights advocates, who suddenly found that th= ey=20 could organize and agitate without being arrested and hauled off to=20 jail.<BR> Among aborigines, ethnic pride= =20 began to assert itself. For decades, they had been taught to consider= =20 themselves Chinese, in line with Chiang’s vision of Taiwan as a= part of=20 China; Chiang’s ruling Nationalists called the ‘mountain = people‘ their=20 comrades in arms.<BR> The assimilation e= roded=20 many of the practices that had made indigenous cultures distinctive, = from=20 native dress to language. Many aborigines today are hardly distinguis= hable=20 from ethnic, or Han, Chinese, except for darker complexions and diffe= rent=20 facial features in some cases. The gap between indigenous and Chinese= =20 cultures has narrowed over four centuries of Chinese=20 settlement.<BR> Under martial law, Manda= rin=20 Chinese was Taiwan’s official language; anyone caught speaking = in an=20 indigenous tongue or the local Taiwanese dialect was punished. Aborig= ines=20 were forced to adopt Chinese names, a policy that many found=20 humiliating.<BR> Isak Afo reclaimed his = birth=20 name in 1994 and erased the Chinese impostor, Lin Shien-fong, from al= l his=20 legal papers.<BR> ‘My parents gave= me this=20 name, which shows my roots. It’s an important cultural and pers= onal=20 symbol,‘ said Afo, a member of the Ami tribe, Taiwan’s mo= st populous,=20 known for its matriarchal social structure and rich store of native=20 songs.<BR> Afo was among the first activ= ists=20 to coalesce around a common rallying cry in the late 1980s: ‘Re= turn our=20 land.‘ In 1988, indigenous groups marched on Taipei, the capita= l,=20 demanding that the Nationalist government give back the land it had=20 expropriated. Several more protests attracted thousands of=20 demonstrators.<BR> ‘For aborigines= , the land=20 is life,‘ Afo declared. ‘It’s a common grievance pe= ople can unite=20 under.‘<BR> In 1996, the governmen= t set up a=20 Council of Aboriginal Affairs, which reports directly to Taiwan’= ;s=20 president. The constitution now guarantees eight seats in the 280-mem= ber=20 Legislative Yuan, or parliament, to aboriginal representatives to fig= ht=20 for their interests.<BR> But real progre= ss on=20 the problems affecting native people has been hard to come=20 by.<BR> Despite greater visibility of=20 aborigines and even a brief wave of ‘aboriginal chic‘ spa= rked by pop=20 singers such as A-Mei, a sultry tribal princess whose concerts draw h= uge=20 crowds, public opinion toward native people is often highly=20 prejudiced.<BR> Media outlets paint=20 unflattering portraits of indigenous residents, with exaggerated acco= unts=20 of alcoholism, criminality and child=20 prostitution.<BR> Activists, who acknowl= edge=20 that such problems exist, say the sensationalist coverage masks their= =20 underlying causes. Unemployment among aborigines, at 8%, is twice the= =20 national average. Jobs, when they can be found, are often among the l= east=20 desirable and most dangerous, such as construction work. Less than 10= % of=20 aborigines have a college degree, compared with 34% of the general=20 population.<BR> ‘The government sa= ys that the=20 Republic of China [Taiwan] is one nation. But this does no good for=20 aborigines because there’s no justice and much poverty,‘ = said Payen Talu,=20 an aboriginal legislator. ‘There’s a lot of discriminatio= n, similar to the=20 way whites treat blacks in the United=20 States.‘<BR> Political power remai= ns a=20 phantom. ‘Our voters aren’t really a threat and can’= ;t make much of an=20 impact,‘ said Talu, whose cramped office is adorned with poster= s of=20 elderly members of his tribe, the Atayal, sporting their distinctive= =20 facial tattoos.<BR> Yet some of the blam= e for=20 lack of progress lies closer to home, activists=20 admit.<BR> Factionalism has divided the= =20 tribes, with no single charismatic leader who has emerged to unite=20 everyone. One activist recalls walking out of a meeting after partici= pants=20 spent an hour arguing over a motto for the group rather than discussi= ng=20 anything substantive.<BR> Tribal differe= nces=20 are exacerbated at times by religious ones. Denominational conflicts = have=20 hampered efforts to keep a panaboriginal movement going among the=20 indigenous, about 75% of whom are Christian, the result of missionary= =20 activity.<BR> ‘If in 15 years we d= on’t get=20 together, entire tribes are going to perish,‘ Talu warned. R= 16;The sun will=20 set on us.‘<BR> Recent events have= shone a=20 few rays of hope.<BR> A historic shift i= n=20 Taiwan’s government last year has put in place some top leaders= regarded=20 as more responsive to local concerns. The Democratic Progressive Part= y of=20 President Chen Shui-bian was born on Taiwanese soil, unlike the=20 long-ruling Nationalist Party, which was founded on mainland=20 China.<BR> As a presidential candidate, = Chen=20 was the only one to sign a ‘treaty of peace and equality‘= with the nine=20 tribes, promising to recognize their sovereignty, restore traditional= =20 homelands and reinstate the indigenous names of mountains, rivers and= =20 other natural landmarks.<BR> ‘Over= the last=20 400 years, [aborigines] have experienced mistreatment and oppression = at=20 the hands of colonial regimes,‘ the compact said. ‘But su= ccessive colonial=20 rulers have yet to issue any form of apology or implement any measure= of=20 redress for the errors they=20 committed.‘<BR> The government is = set to=20 launch an experiment in granting more autonomy to aboriginal communit= ies,=20 starting with the Yami people, a community of seafaring, expert fishe= rs on=20 Orchid island, a tiny dot on the map off Taiwan’s southeastern= =20 coast.<BR> Although details are still to= be=20 settled--with the help of experts from such countries as New Zealand = and=20 Canada, which have worked out their own legal arrangements with indig= enous=20 peoples--activists envision a self-contained area responsible for its= own=20 taxation, education and some social welfare=20 programs.<BR> This would make it easier = to=20 preserve native customs such as the coming-of-age rites of the Puyuma= , the=20 harvest prayers of the Bunun (sung in eight-part harmony), the colorf= ul=20 leather clothing of the Tsou and the delicate stone- and wood-carving= of=20 the Paiwan. <BR> Above all, greater auto= nomy=20 for aborigines could help preserve indigenous languages, which are in= =20 danger of disappearing within a few generations. Fewer than half the= =20 people in each tribe can speak their mother tongue. Among the young, = many=20 of whom leave for the cities in search of work and better opportuniti= es,=20 the proportion is even lower.<BR> ‘= ;This is a=20 very perilous situation,‘ said Isqaqavut Yohani, the head of th= e=20 Cabinet-level Council of Aboriginal Affairs and a member of the Bunun= =20 tribe. ‘When you lose your mother tongue, you lose your culture= . I like to=20 say that your mother language is your ID card. If you say you’r= e an=20 aborigine but can’t speak a word of the language, I won’t= believe=20 you.‘<BR> His office is working wi= th tribal=20 elders to determine the boundaries of their traditional lands. Estima= tes=20 of the total area involved vary wildly, from 640,000 to 4.2 million a= cres.=20 And drawing borders is not the only=20 question.<BR> ‘Say the aboriginal = people=20 occupied the central part of Taiwan,‘ Yohani said. ‘All o= f Taiwan’s water=20 resources come from this area. Will the government allow aborigines t= o=20 control all the water resources? And the forests and=20 mines?‘<BR> Getting current occupa= nts to=20 relinquish the land is another=20 headache.<BR> Here in Hualien, despite t= he=20 court ruling awarding land rights to the Taroko--a subgroup of the=20 Atayal--the Asia Cement Co. refuses to move, insisting on further=20 negotiations with the tribe and the government, which are in the work= s.=20 The company maintains that the Tarokos gave up their rights to the=20 property and that it has the documents to prove=20 it.<BR> But Taroko activist Tien Chun-ch= ou=20 says the documents are forgeries.<BR> Ti= en,=20 58, is Hualien’s answer to Erin Brockovich. A beautician-turned= -legal=20 crusader, Tien doggedly combed dusty archives and ignored threats of = harm=20 in her campaign against big business.<BR> &nbs= p;She=20 got a lucky break one day when Asia Cement executives stormed out of = a=20 meeting, leaving behind a stack of=20 papers.<BR> As Tien started flipping thr= ough=20 them, she discovered that they were the documents allegedly ceding th= e=20 land to Asia Cement--and that they were riddled with=20 irregularities.<BR> Some were missing=20 official seals. Others lacked dates. Even more fishy, the signatures = of=20 many former landowners who supposedly gave up their property were all= in=20 the same handwriting.<BR> Tien (no relat= ion=20 to Tien Min-jen) went back and pulled the agreements, one by one, fro= m the=20 files of the local government office. She took them to the alleged=20 signatories and asked if they had signed. The answer was always the s= ame:=20 no.<BR> It took a year of digging, but h= er=20 effort paid off with last summer’s court=20 order.<BR> ‘I want the land of my = forebears,‘=20 Tien said. ‘That land is full of emotion. When I touch it, I ca= n feel my=20 ancestors’ presence.‘<BR> Bu= t it’s a=20 frustrating wait for the judge’s decision to come to fruition. = Two months=20 ago, a protest against the company turned violent when fed-up Taroko= =20 farmers broke through barriers and scuffled with company employees in= an=20 attempt to plant seedlings on the disputed=20 land.<BR> The protesters included elderl= y=20 aborigines who eagerly want to return to their=20 roots.<BR> ‘Whenever I run into el= derly=20 aborigines, they ask, ’When will I get my land back?’ and= my heart=20 breaks,‘ Tien said sadly. ‘I can’t say when they= 217;ll get it. A lot of old=20 folks I know have died. 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